Download 46. Place theory suggests that: __ A. we can locate the place from

46.
Place theory suggests that:
__ A.
__ B.
__ C.
__ D.
47.
48.
49.
50.
we can locate the place from which a sound is emitted because of the distance
between our ears.
we have a system for sensing the position and movement of the various parts
of our body.
structures in the inner ear provide us with a sense of the position of our
bodies in space.
the pitch we hear is related to the place where the cochlea's basilar
membrane is stimulated.
Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of
light?
__ A.
bipolar cells
__ B.
cones
__ C.
rods
__ D.
feature detectors
Failure to realize how very hot the bath water really is after you have been sitting in
it for ten minutes best illustrates the process of sensory:
__ A.
transduction.
__ B.
interaction.
__ C.
equilibrium.
__ D.
adaptation.
__ E.
accommodation.
The cochlea is a:
__ A.
fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of upright body position.
__ B.
set of three tiny bones that amplify the vibrations of the eardrum.
__ C.
fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.
__ D.
fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of body movement.
Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase
their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of:
__ A.
top-down processing.
__ B.
difference thresholds.
__ C.
sensory adaptation.
__ D.
transduction.
__ E.
accommodation.
1
51.
52.
The cochlea is to the ear as the ________ is to the eye.
__ A.
retina
__ B.
pupil
__ C.
cornea
__ D.
optic nerve
__ E.
lens
People's response to subliminal stimulation indicates that:
__ A.
__ B.
__ C.
__ D.
53.
54.
55.
they are capable of processing information without any conscious awareness
of doing so.
they are more sensitive to subliminal sounds than to subliminal sights.
their subconscious minds are incapable of resisting subliminally presented
suggestions.
they experience a sense of discomfort whenever they are exposed to
subliminal stimuli.
A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately:
__ A.
judging amplitude.
__ B.
identifying timbre.
__ C.
locating sounds.
__ D.
detecting pitch.
Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make
Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel
heavier. This best illustrates:
__ A.
Weber's law.
__ B.
frequency theory.
__ C.
the opponent-process theory.
__ D.
accommodation.
__ E.
sensory adaptation.
Hair cells are to audition as ________ are to vision.
__ A.
optic nerves
__ B.
pupils
__ C.
rods and cones
__ D.
feature detectors
__ E.
bipolar cells
2
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of
the time is called the:
__ A.
subliminal threshold.
__ B.
absolute threshold.
__ C.
sensory adaptation threshold.
__ D.
difference threshold.
Jennifer can tune her guitar more effectively than Maria, because Jennifer is better
at detecting whether specific strings are playing too sharp or too flat. With respect to
tone sensitivity, Maria apparently has a ________ threshold than does Jennifer.
__ A.
lower difference
__ B.
higher absolute
__ C.
higher difference
__ D.
lower absolute
Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the
level of absolute thresholds?
__ A.
feature detection theory
__ B.
opponent-process theory
__ C.
signal detection theory
__ D.
frequency theory
Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?
__ A.
sensory adaptation of feature detectors
__ B.
accommodation of the lens
__ C.
dilation of the pupils
__ D.
transduction of the cones
Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.
__ A.
organization; adaptation
__ B.
interpretation; organization
__ C.
detection; interpretation
__ D.
encoding; detection
Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a:
__ A.
rectangular shape.
__ B.
circular shape.
__ C.
drawing of a human face.
__ D.
bull's-eye pattern.
3
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
According to Piaget, a child can represent things with words and images but cannot
reason with logic during the ________ stage.
__ A.
formal operational
__ B.
concrete operational
__ C.
sensorimotor
__ D.
preoperational
Children's sense that their parents are trustworthy and dependable is most indicative
of:
__ A.
accommodation.
__ B.
secure attachment.
__ C.
maturation.
__ D.
habituation.
__ E.
object permanence.
Habituation refers to the:
__ A.
awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.
__ B.
adjustment of current schemas to make sense of new information.
__ C.
biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience.
__ D.
interpretation of new information in terms of existing schemas.
__ E.
decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed.
If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to:
__ A.
retain earlier schemas when confronted by new experiences.
__ B.
deal with the discipline of toilet training.
__ C.
see things from the point of view of another person.
__ D.
recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in
its shape.
Dr. Williams's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing
practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr.
Williams is a(n) ________ psychologist.
__ A.
developmental
__ B.
cognitive
__ C.
psychodynamic
__ D.
biological
__ E.
educational
4
67.
68.
69.
Despite their poor memories of early life experiences, 11-month-olds are still
capable of:
__ A.
imitating actions they observe others perform three months earlier.
__ B.
retaining lifelong memories of sexual abuse.
__ C.
remembering the trauma of their own birth.
__ D.
all the above.
When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no
longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly in Piaget's
________ stage.
__ A.
concrete operational
__ B.
sensorimotor
__ C.
preoperational
__ D.
formal operational
According to Piaget, accommodation refers to:
__ A.
adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences.
__ B.
parental efforts to include new children in the existing family structure.
__ C.
developmental changes in a child's behavior that facilitate social acceptance
by family and peers.
incorporating new experiences into existing schemas.
__ D.
70.
71.
72.
Maturation refers to:
__ A.
the acquisition of socially acceptable behaviors.
__ B.
the physical and sexual development of early adolescence.
__ C.
biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience.
__ D.
any learned behavior patterns that accompany personal growth and
development.
According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about visible and tangible events
first develops during the ________ stage.
__ A.
formal operational
__ B.
preoperational
__ C.
concrete operational
__ D.
sensorimotor
Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in
________ of the major developmental milestones.
__ A.
neither the sequence nor the age-related timing
__ B.
both the sequence and the age-related timing
__ C.
the age-related timing but not the sequence
__ D.
the sequence but not the age-related timing
5
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
"The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of
________ memory.
__ A.
sensory
__ B.
implicit
__ C.
explicit
__ D.
short-term
__ E.
flashbulb
The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the
middle items is known as the ________ effect.
__ A.
spacing
__ B.
misinformation
__ C.
priming
__ D.
serial position
__ E.
next-in-line
Ebbinghaus's use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that:
__ A.
information that is automatically processed is rarely forgotten.
__ B.
our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited.
__ C.
the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning.
__ D.
what is learned in one mood is most easily retrieved in that same mood.
The process of getting information out of memory storage is called:
__ A.
relearning.
__ B.
encoding.
__ C.
rehearsal.
__ D.
retrieval.
__ E.
priming.
In order to remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan
often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory
aid because it facilitates:
__ A.
the serial position effect.
__ B.
automatic processing.
__ C.
iconic memory.
__ D.
proactive interference.
__ E.
semantic encoding.
6
78.
Echoic memory refers to:
__ A.
79.
80.
81.
82.
__ B.
the automatic retention of incidental information about the timing and
frequency of events.
the encoded meanings of words and events in long-term memory.
__ C.
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.
__ D.
a vivid memory of an emotionally significant event.
One day after Usha hears her mother's list of 12 grocery items, Usha is most likely to
remember the items ________ of the list.
__ A.
at the end
__ B.
at the beginning and end
__ C.
at the beginning
__ D.
in the middle
Chess masters can recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the
game board. This ability is best explained in terms of:
__ A.
the serial position effect.
__ B.
iconic memory.
__ C.
flashbulb memory.
__ D.
chunking.
__ E.
the method of loci.
Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited storage capacity?
__ A.
short-term memory
__ B.
echoic memory
__ C.
long-term memory
__ D.
state-dependent memory
Kathy performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material
15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the
test. This illustrates what is known as:
__ A.
the serial position effect.
__ B.
automatic processing.
__ C.
chunking.
__ D.
mood-congruent memory.
__ E.
the spacing effect.
7
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
The process of encoding refers to:
__ A.
the recall of information previously learned.
__ B.
getting information into memory.
__ C.
the motivated forgetting of painful memories.
__ D.
the persistence of learning over time.
__ E.
a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.
Automatic processing occurs without:
__ A.
sensory memory.
__ B.
visual imagery.
__ C.
conscious awareness.
__ D.
semantic encoding.
The conscious repetition of information in order to maintain it in memory is called:
__ A.
automatic processing.
__ B.
chunking.
__ C.
rehearsal.
__ D.
priming.
Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________
memory.
__ A.
short-term
__ B.
implicit
__ C.
automatic
__ D.
explicit
__ E.
mood-congruent
When 80-year-old Ida looked at her old wedding pictures, she was flooded with vivid
memories of her parents, her husband, and the early years of her marriage. The
pictures served as powerful:
__ A.
retrieval cues.
__ B.
iconic memories.
__ C.
encoding devices.
__ D.
automatic processing devices.
Adopted children are LEAST likely to have ________ that resemble those of their
adoptive parents.
__ A.
political attitudes
__ B.
religious beliefs
__ C.
moral values
__ D.
personality traits
8
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in:
__ A.
extraversion.
__ B.
risk of divorce.
__ C.
emotional instability.
__ D.
all the above.
According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success
are likely to be:
__ A.
disease-producing.
__ B.
genetically predisposed.
__ C.
socially prohibited
__ D.
ecologically disruptive.
Professor Taylor suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has
proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because eggs are
much less abundant than sperm. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n)
________ theory of sexual behavior.
__ A.
social learning
__ B.
gender schema
__ C.
psychodynamic
__ D.
evolutionary
A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a(n):
__ A.
neurotransmitter.
__ B.
gender schema.
__ C.
gene.
__ D.
hormone.
__ E.
chromosome.
A human sperm cell contains:
__ A.
46 genes.
__ B.
23 chromosomes.
__ C.
23 genes.
__ D.
46 chromosomes.
9
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of
relationship between two variables?
__ A.
+1.00
__ B.
—.99
__ C.
+.25
__ D.
—.50
__ E.
—.12
If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages
than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are:
__ A.
causally related.
__ B.
independent variables.
__ C.
negatively correlated.
__ D.
positively correlated.
__ E.
dependent variables.
The survey method is commonly used in:
__ A.
correlational research.
__ B.
double-blind studies.
__ C.
experiments.
__ D.
case studies.
In order to learn about the TV viewing habits of all the children attending Oakbridge
School, Professor Devries randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school's
students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be
a(n):
__ A.
population.
__ B.
representative sample.
__ C.
control condition.
__ D.
case study.
__ E.
independent variable.
The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to
generate testable:
__ A.
predictions.
__ B.
assumptions.
__ C.
correlations.
__ D.
variables.
10
99.
100.
Correlational research is most useful for purposes of:
__ A.
explanation.
__ B.
control.
__ C.
prediction.
__ D.
replication.
Professor Ober carefully monitors and records the behaviors of children on school
playgrounds in order to track the development of their physical skills. Professor Ober
is most clearly engaged in:
__ A.
experimentation.
__ B.
replication.
__ C.
survey research.
__ D.
naturalistic observation.
11
Answer Key
46.
D
47.
B
48.
D
49.
C
50.
A
51.
A
52.
A
53.
C
54.
A
55.
C
56.
B
57.
C
58.
C
59.
C
60.
C
61.
C
62.
D
63.
B
64.
E
65.
D
66.
A
12
67.
A
68.
B
69.
A
70.
C
71.
C
72.
C
73.
D
74.
D
75.
C
76.
D
77.
E
78.
C
79.
C
80.
D
81.
D
82.
E
83.
B
84.
C
85.
C
86.
A
87.
A
88.
D
13
89.
D
90.
B
91.
D
92.
C
93.
B
94.
E
95.
C
96.
A
97.
A
98.
A
99.
C
100.
D
14