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Drama in the United States Pt. 3 Post-War Theatre - In the postbellum, or era North, theatre flourished as a post-war boom and allowed longer and more productions - The invention of the American allowed production companies, its and large, elaborate sets to travel between towns o Made theatres in small towns feasible - The invention and practical application of lighting also led to changes and improvements of scenery styles and the designing of theatre and seating - In : o Charles Frohman, Al Hayman, Abe Erlanger, Mark Klaw, Samuel F. Flenderson and J. Fred Zimmerman Sr. formed the Established a booking system and network throughout the United States Created a management monopoly that controlled all aspects of and until the th turn of the 20 Century o The Schubert Brothers then formed a rival agency known as and they are still in business today - For playwrights, the period after the war brought financial reward and aesthetic respect o Also, professional - In terms of form, spectacles, melodramas and farces remained popular but poetic drama and romanticism almost died out completely due to the new emphasis on The 20th Century was common in the late 19th and Early 20th Century and is notable for heavily influencing early film, radio and television productions was a very long lived comedian who started out in Vaudeville but went on to enjoy a career spanning into the - Some vaudeville theatres built between about 1900 and 1920 managed to survive as well o Many went through periods of alternate use, most often as a o The second half of the century saw many urban populations decline and built in the suburbs o Since that time, a number have been restored to original or nearly original condition and attract new audiences nearly years later - By the beginning of the o Legitimate 1752 ( ) theatre had become more sophisticated in the United States as it had in Europe o The stars of this era, such as Ethel Barrymore and John Drew were often seen as even more important than the itself o The advance of the also led to many changes in theatre The popularity of may have been in part due to the fact that early films had no sound and thus could not compete in 1927 was the first film to combine talking and music in a moving picture o More complex and sophisticated bloomed in this time period, acting styles became more o Even by , actors were being lured away from the theatre and to the began to face stiff competition While consisting of mostly unconnected songs, sketches, comedy routines and scantily-clad dancing girls dominated the first 20 years of the 20th century, would eventually develop beyond this One of the first major steps was with music by Jerome Kern and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein It featured songs and non-musical scenes which were integrated to develop the show’s plot The next great step forward was ! With lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein and music by Richard Rodgers Its “ ” used dance to carry forward the plot and develop the characters o Amateur performing groups have always had a place alongside professional acting companies The Amateur Comedy Club, Inc was founded on Organized by 7 men who broke away from the Madison Square Dramatic Organization The held its first performance on February 13, 1885 It has performed ever since making it the oldest, continuously performing theatrical society in the United States o The massive social change that went on during also had an effect on theatre in the United States Plays took on social roles, identifying with immigrants and the unemployed o A program set up by Franklin D. Roosevelt helped to promote theatre and provide actors with jobs The program staged many elaborate and controversial plays By contrast, (founder of the Tony Awards) was among those who felt it was more of a time than ever for comedic materials to provide an escape from the harsh reality of real life o The years between the were years of extremes His plays were the high point for serious dramatic plays leading up to the outbreak of war in Europe o Beyond The Horizon ( ) o Anna Christie ( ) o Strange Interlude ( ) He won the Nobel Prize in Literature for all three of these plays o 1940 proved to be a pivotal year for Frederick O’Neal and Abraham Hill founded ANT better know as the The most renowned African American theatre group of the 1940’s The stage was small and located in the basement of the library in Most shows were written and attended by AfricanAmericans Shows Included: o Natural Man by o Garden of Time by Famous Actors/Actresses Include o o o