Download Review for Anatomy midterm

Name______________________Date_________Entry #____
Review for Anatomy & Physiology Midterm Exam
Go over summaries at the end of each chapter
Chapter 1: The Human Body: Organizing Principles
1. Define Anatomy & Physiology
2. Body organization-Cells make up tissues make up…..
3. Difference between cells Vs tissues Vs organs Vs systems
4. Define Planes of Reference and Directional terms
A.
parasagittal
B.
sagittal
C.
coronal
D.
frontal
E.
superficial
F.
anterior/ventral
G.
posterior/dorsal
H.
medial
I.
distal
J.
proximal
K.
what cavities are anterior
L.
what cavities are posterior
5. Define “anatomical position” in the prone and supine position.
6. What cavities of the body are considered anterior Vs posterior?
7. Body Regions
Ex. What is in the pericardial cavity
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8. What is Homeostasis?
9. Problems that can occur when the body is not in homeostatic
control.
10.
The organ systems that affect homeostasis.
11. Positive and Negative Feedback Mechanisms-what are they and
what are the differences?
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
1.
In terms of a cell membrane, how does diffusion work?
2.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Chapter 4: Histology
1.
What are the four main tissue types?
2.
Which tissue type has the poorest repair rate?
3.
Epithelial tissues are names based upon?
4.
What is the difference between vascular and avascular tissue?
5.
What is the name of the tissue that can distend and is usually
found in the bladder?
6.
What tissue is goblet cells found in?
7.
Cartilage belongs to what tissue type?
2
8.
What is the difference between the location of the visceral and
parietal membrane?
9.
What is the main function of the tissues below:
A.
epithelial
B.
areolar
C.
dense fibrous connective
D.
adipose
E.
vascular (blood)
F.
osseous
Types of tissue that are:
A.
involuntary
B.
make up internal (visceral) organs
C.
what our skeleton starts as:
Function of:
A.
bone
B.
muscle
10.
11.
Chapter 6 – Skeletal System
1.
Process of bone formation called:
2.
During fetal development, bone development starts as:
3.
Know the names of the cranial Vs the facial bones.
4.
the number of bones in an adult Vs a fetus:
5.
How a doctor can determine whether a child is still growing:
6.
Describe the medullary cavity of the bone and what it contains.
7.
Name of structural units of hard bone:
8.
# of vertebrae in a child Vs an adult.
3
9.
Describe scoliosis Vs lordosis Vs kyphosis
10.
Difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
11.
What disorder plagues women and leads to bone mass loss.
Chapter 7 – Articulations
1.
Describe the following movements:
A.
flexion/extension
B.
abduction/adduction
C.
circumduction
D.
dorsiflexion
E.
supination
F.
hyperextension
2.
Describe a ball and socket joint:
3.
Difference between osteo and rheumatoid arthritus
4.
Differences between synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and
diarthroses.
5.
The structure outside the synovial membrane that makes synovial
fluid.
6.
Function of synovial fluid.
7.
Examples of:
A.
hinge joint
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B.
pivot joint
C.
gliding joint
D.
saddle joint
Chapter 8 – Muscular Systems
1.
Source of energy for a muscle contraction:
2.
Sarcomere is between what areas?
3.
Where calcium is stored when muscle fibers are at rest.
4.
Name of proteins in the myofilaments.
5.
Function of muscle tissue.
6.
Muscles that move humerus.
7.Define:
A.
Tetanus
B.
Treppe
C.
Isometric contraction
D.
Isotonic contraction
8.
Difference between synergist and antagonist.
9.
Difference between origin and insertion point.
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10.
Muscle responsible for turning the head – head rotation and
contraction are antagonists.
11.
When flexing the forearm, what is the action of the biceps and
the triceps? Which one is the prime mover?
12.
What major muscle group extends the leg and flexes the thigh?
13.
What major muscle group compresses the abdomen?
14.
Describe is detail the conditions of a muscle at rest.
15.
Describe what happens to the thin and thick filaments during
muscle contraction.
16.
Compare the amount of blood vessels, mitochondria, and
myoglobin found in slow and fast twitch muscle fibers.
17.
The muscle responsible for chewing and whistling.
18.
The muscle responsible for raising the mandible.
19.
What is absolutely needed for muscle contraction.
20.
Based on organelles in an animal cell, what is the sarcoplasm,
sarcolemma, and sarcoplasmic reticulum.
21.
What is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?
22.
Muscles that are striated and involuntary.
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