Download Περίληψη : Χρονολόγηση Γεωγραφικός Εντοπισμός

IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
Συγγραφή :
Μπίκα Γεωργία
Μετάφραση :
Βελέντζας Γεώργιος
Για παραπομπή :
Μπίκα Γεωργία , "Second Athenian League", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Κωνσταντινούπολη
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=7650>
Περίληψη :
Alliance under Athenian rule. It was established in 378 BC in order to ward off Spartan invasions of Greek cities, while every city-member remained
autonomous. The League was considerably weakened by the allied war (357-355 BC).
Χρονολόγηση
ca. 378-355 BC
Γεωγραφικός Εντοπισμός
Greek part of the European continent and the Aegean islands.
1. Historical Framework
The unprovoked assault of the Spartan Sphodrias against Athens was the main for the foundation of the Second Athenian League.
The rupture with Sparta led Athens to establish regular relations with various states in Thrace, the Aegean and the coasts of Asia
Minor in order to protect the autonomy of those cities against the Spartan oppression.
2. Foundation of the League
The Second Athenian League has its roots in 377 BC. The original inscription with the resolution concerning the foundation of the
league has been preserved.1 The reasons for the foundation of the league were the protection of the freedom and territorial integrity of
the Greek city-states against Spartan invasions and the maintenance of the “King’s Peace” (386 BC). Apart from the cities of Asia
Minor, 15 states of eastern Greece joined the league.
In 377 BC Mausolus became the independent tyrant of Caria. Instigated by him, Chios, Rhodes, Kos and Byzantium defected from
the Second Athenian League during the allied war. Despite Athenian efforts the above states were not made to surrender.2 In 376
BC Sparta under the admiral Pollis blockaded Attica. The Athenians equipped 83 triremes and sailed under the admiral Chabrias.
The latter accompanied to Piraeus the wheat ships blockaded at Gerastos before he sailed to Naxos. Pollis hastened to help the city
and the naval battle took place in the strait between Paros and Naxos. The Athenians won a clear victory and consolidated their
supremacy in the Aegean. Moreover, lots of Cycladic cities joined the league. Chabrias returned to Piraeus with 49 enemy ships,
3000 captives and 110 talents. From the summer of 376 BC onwards the Thebans started to recapture various Boeotian cities and
extend their rule. Thus, the Boeotian confederacy managed to include almost the entire Boeotia again. The only positions the Spartans
maintained were Orchomenos and Chaeronea. At Tegyra in 375 BC, along the road from Orchomenos to Locris, the Thebans under
Pelopidas and his Sacred Band3 managed to decimate the Spartans and exterminate their leaders. The moral impact was more
serious than the casualties. The Athenians in 375 BC launched naval operations in the Aegean. In the spring of 375 BC Chabrias
plundered Istiaia, sailed the Aegean and then headed for Abdera. He saved the city from the Triballoi and other Thracian tribes who
were going to besiege it. While leaving Abdera, they were attacked by the Abderans and raided again. Chabrias’ operations on the
Thracian coasts finished with a treaty of alliance with the Macedonian King Amyntas III and had the opportunity to be provided with
timber.4
On the initiative of the Persian ruler a general peace congress was held in Sparta in 371 BC with the participation of states belonging
neither to the Athenian nor the Spartan Hegemony and representatives of Persia, Syracuse and Amyntas of Macedon. A peace treaty
was signed prepared after the “King’s Peace”. In 367 BC diplomatic delegations from Athens and Thebe were sent to Susa. The
Theban representative, Pelopidas, asked Artaxerxes to declare that Amphipolis was independent from Athens. However, the Persian
King’s opinion on the independence of Amphipolis displeased the Athenians, thus resulting in the abolishment of the peace treaty and
an immediate clash in 365 BC.
Δημιουργήθηκε στις 11/5/2017
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IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
Συγγραφή :
Μπίκα Γεωργία
Μετάφραση :
Βελέντζας Γεώργιος
Για παραπομπή :
Μπίκα Γεωργία , "Second Athenian League", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Κωνσταντινούπολη
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=7650>
1. Dittenberger, W.Syll.3, no. 147; Tod, M.N., Gr. Hist. Inscr. II, no. 123.
2. Sources on the Allied War: Isocr., On the Peace.
3. The Sacred Band had been organised by the Theban commander Gorgidas but had not fought as a united corps until then.
4. Diod. S. XV 35; Tod, M.N., Gr. Hist. Inscr. II, no. 129.
Βιβλιογραφία :
Wilcken U., Griechische Geschichte im Rahmen der Altertumsgeschichte, München 1958
Meiggs R., Bury J.B., History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great, London 1975
Σακελλαρίου Μ.Β., Η Αθηναϊκή Δημοκρατία, Πανεπιστημιακές εκδόσεις Κρήτης, Κρήτη 1999
Κορδάτος Γ., Ιστορία της Αρχαίας Ελλάδας, Αθήνα 1956
Σακελλαρίου Μ.Β., "Ίδρυση της Β΄ Αθηναϊκής Συμμαχίας", Κλασικός Ελληνισμός I, Αθήνα 1972,
Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, 394-395
Γλωσσάριo :
1. talent, the, 2. ingot, the
1. Numismatic weight measurement. A silver talent was equal to 60 mnai or 6000 drachmas.
2. A block of metal that is cast in a standard shape for convenient storage or shipment.
tyrant, the
The initial meaning of the term was the leading archon of a noble origin. Later οn he was the usurper of rightful power and the one who was ruling in
an absolute way, aiming ostensily to the welfare of his people.
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