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By: Justin Chrisman
Ed.448
26 February 2001
“He is the sworn foe of our nation. And,
if you will, of the whole human race.”
Thomas Campbell
“He would trample on all human rights
and become a tyrant.”
Ludwig Beethoven
“I considered his presence in the field
equal to forty thousand men in the
balance.”
Duke of Wellington
Napoleon’s Bio
• Born: On the island of Corsica in 1769
• Family: Seven brothers and sisters. His
father was an anti-French lawyer.
• Education: In 1778, at age 9, he was sent to
a French military school. From 1784 to
1785, he attended the Ecole Militaire in
Paris. This is where he received his military
training. He joined the French army at 16.
Napoleon’s Rise
• 1789: French
Revolution.
• 1792: French at war
with Austria.
• 1792: Promoted to
rank of Captain.
• 1793: In charge of
artillery at siege of
Toulon. After Toulon
fell, promoted to
Brigadier General.
Rise to the Top
• 1795: Saved
Revolutionary
Government. Made
commander of the
French Army in Italy.
• 1795: Commander of
the Army of the
Interior.
Italian Campaign
• Napoleon’s first big campaign
• Successful attacks on Austria began to show
his leadership qualities and charisma.
• During one attack, he forced his way across
a burning bridge to attack his enemy.
• After this act, he was given the name
“Petit Caoral” or “Little Corporal.”
Italian Campaign
• At Campo Formio in 1797, Napoleon
concluded a treaty with Austria, on behalf
of the Directory, cementing control over
Italy.
• Interesting Fact: By the end of the Italian
Campaign, Napoleon had won
14 pitched battles and 70 combats!!
Hero’s Welcome
• Napoleon was a big
hero when he came
back to France.
• He began to think
about political and
military power.
• Had a dream that he
would be the next
Alexander the Great.
Egypt
• He asked the Directory if he
could take a large army to
Egypt
• He thought if he conquered
Egypt, he could attack France’s
biggest enemy, England, with
their own route to India.
• In July, 1798, he won the battle
of the pyramids, but he lost his
naval fleet in the Battle of the
Nile
Stranded
• The loss of his fleet to British Admiral
Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile, left
the French army stranded in Egypt, by the
British naval blockade.
• Back in France, a coalition of European
nations were at war with France. Napoleon
left his army in Egypt, returning to France
in 1799.
Coup of 18 Brumaire
• After arriving in France, Napoleon joined the plot
to topple the Directory.
• The coup left Napoleon as virtual military dictator
of France.
• He became the first of three Consuls.
• After three years he made himself first consul for
life.
• At that time people loved him so much they did
not mind, but he was increasing his power.
Napoleon the Emperor
• He successfully met and
defeated Austria in 1800.
• Gained political stablility by
establishing a relationship
with Pope Pius VII.
• In 1802, the Treaty of
Amiens ended the
Revolutionary Wars.
• Reorganized French law, by
establishing the Napoleonic
Code.
• For now, France was at
peace.
Peace No More
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England and France at war in 1803.
Sweden, Austria, and Russia allied with England.
Not a problem for Napoleon.
Defeated Austria and Russia at battle of Austerlitz.
Crushed the Persians at battle of Peru.
Created a treaty called Peace of Tilsit, which
brought all of Europe to his feet.
• Napoleon’s only enemy was England.
Problem with Russia
• Napoleon’s continental system said that no one
could trade with England. Most of Europe did not
like the system because they needed goods from
Europe.
• Russia decided to abandon the system.
• After Napoleon found out that Russia had
abandoned the system he decided it was time to
invade Russia.
Invasion of Russia
• Napoleon picked a bad
time to invade Russia.
• His forces in Spain were
being kicked out so he
decided to build up a huge
army with soldiers from
20 different nations.
• He decided to attack
Russia in the middle of the
winter.
• The Russians ran away to
the heart of Russia and
burned villages on the
way.
• Napoleon had no place to
put his men.
• Finally, in Sept. 7, 1812,
Napoleon and the
Russians fought a Battle.
Russia Campaign
• When Napoleon reached Moscow on Sept.
14th, he found the city in flames and all the
food and shelter destroyed.
• On October 19, 1812, Napoleon started his
deadly retreat.
• Napoleon started from France with 500,000
soldiers but only 20,000 returned.
Napoleon Falls From Power
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Napoleon’s Empire fell to pieces
after the failure in Russia.
England, Russia, Prussia, and
Austria all ailed up to fight against
Napoleon and his army.
Napoleon had trouble on the
battlefield and he began to lose
many battles.
At the battle of Leipzip, Napoleon
was surrounded and he retreated in
humiliation.
The French capital Paris, was
captured on March 30, 1814.
On April 6, 1814, he was forced to
abdicate the throne in humiliation.
Exiled: But Not For Long
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Napoleon abdicated in favor of his son and he attempted suicide by Poison.
The French Senate rejected his abdication, forcing the reinstatement of the
Bourbon dynasty, in the person of Louis XVIII.
Napoleon was exiled to Elba, an island off the Italian coast, which was given
to him as his own “ Kingdom”
When the government failed to pay him an agreed-upon pension and when
access to his wife and son were denied, he became angered.
The unpopularity of the new monarchy encouraged him to escape from Elba.
He landed in France with 1500 men.
On his march to Paris, he collected men along the way.
He made a triumphant entry in March of 1815, forcing Louis XVIII to flee to
the Netherlands.
Over the next 100 days he raised a new Grand Army.
Napoleon’s Last Stand
• June 1815, at Waterloo
in Belgium, he was
decisively defeated by
the Duke of
Wellington.
• Napoleon abdicated in
favor of his son,
surrendering to the
British
St. Helena
• Napoleon was exiled to
the Atlantic island of St.
Helena.
• He never saw his family
again.
• He died a few years later
of a stomach ailment.
• In 1840, his body was
returned to France, and
interred in the Hotel des
Invalides in Paris.
Napoleon Quotes
• “I Should have conquered the World”
• “The French complain of everything, and
always”
• “Imagination Rules the World”
• “I Reign only through the Fear I inspire”
• “Nothing is more difficult, and therefore more
precious, than to be able to decide”