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Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta Living in Sparta • Life was harsh and cruel • One basic rule of law: Put Sparta’s needs above your own • Sparta had a huge, powerful army • Spartan citizens only trained for war • Helots farmed the land • Helots greatly outnumbered Spartan citizens Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta Growing Up in Sparta • • • • • • • • • Boys began military training at 7 Boys were encouraged to cheat and steal, but were punished if caught At 20, boys became soldiers At 30, they could join the Assembly At 60, they could retire from the army Girls had more freedom and opportunities than any other girls in Greece Girls exercised and trained to have strong bodies to have healthy babies Women ran farms and estates Spartans only interest was to be strong, brave and powerful in battle. Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta The Persian Invade • Persian Empire was extending its control through the middle east around 500 BC • Persians invaded Greece with a huge army • They intended to conquer all city-states • The Athenian army defeated the Persians at Marathon even though they were outnumbered Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta Conflict and the Athenian Army • Greeks united to defeat Persia • Athens became the most powerful city-state • City-states formed the Delian League to protect themselves from invaders • Athens prospered from the alliance, but other city-states did not Sparta and Athens at War • Athens used the Delian League to become rich and powerful • Sparta and other city-states formed the Peloponnesian League to protect them from Athens • In 431 BC, the Peloponnesian War began ( Athens vs. Sparta ) • Athens had powerful navy, Sparta had a powerful army • Sparta could not be attacked by sea. • Sparta invaded Athens. The war lasted 27 years • Plague killed 1/3 of Athens population • Sparta won the war and Athens never recovered