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AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA
Maj Bilal Sadiq Gondal
Background
 70 % Population
Dependent
 32 % Africa GDP
 65 % Labor Force
 Inability
to
Transform
high
sector
into
productive
Background
 World agriculture
tripled between 1961
and 2007
 Population grew from
3 to 6.8 billions
 Green revolution
increase production by
11%
3
Background
 25% of world arable land
 10% of global agriculture production
 Africa has lowest yield among all regions
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AGRICULTURE ENVIROMENT OF AFRICA
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Agriculture Environment –Demography
 Demographic shift in
world population
 Future world will be
African dominated
 9% of world was
African in 1950
 40% will be African
by end of this century
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Agriculture Environment –Demography
 UNICEF estimates that 1.8 billion new born will be
in Africa
 Africa Population will quadruple to 4.2 billion by
end of century
 Unsymmetrical population growth
 Higher densities in North Africa, Great Lake
Region and Gulf of Guinea
 Rapid population growth and urbanization is
directly impacting food security
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Agriculture Environment –Economy
 South Africa contributes
30% of African GDP
with 5% population
 North African countries
contribute 35% of GDP
with 20% of population
 Countries dependent on
extractive industries
 70% of East African
countries are dependent
upon agriculture
8
Agriculture Environment –Economy
 5.2 % annual growth
 Insignificant development in
agriculture sector
 Agriculture sector development
in countries

Ghana

Ethiopia

Rwanda
9
Agriculture Environment – Global Market
 Agriculture focused on national markets
 17% of total foreign trade of African countries were
conducted at intra-regional level
 Small agriculture export base






Cocoa
Coffee
Tea
Cotton
Sugar
Pineapple
 Bananas
 Import is 1.7 times value of export
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Agriculture Environment – Natural Resources
 Largest
uncultivated
surface area after Latin
America
 6% farm land is irrigated
 Investment to cultivate 20
million hectares in last 10
years
 60% of cultivable land
still
available
countries
in
few
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FACTORS CAUSING POOR PERFOMANCE
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE
LOW PRODUCTIVITY
 Poor
productivity
of crops
 1.3 metric tons per
hectare of Maize in
Malawi in contrast
to an average 10
ton hectare in USA
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE
LOW PRODUCTIVITY
 Innovation
 Fertilizers

Malawi used fertilizer to improve from 43 percent
food deficient to 53 percent surplus
 Irrigation

Potential to increase 100 to 400 percent

4% land is irrigated
 Seed development

Seeds developed 30 years ago
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE
LAND UTILIZATION



Land ownership

Communal ownership

Dead Capital
Land Degradation

65% of cropland degradation of the world

485 Millions affected by land degradation

$9.3 billion annual cost
Causes for Lands Degradation

Demographic Growth

Conflicts

Refugees

Soil Management
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE
LAND UTILIZATION


Poor Infrastructure

Least
continent

Non availability of
farm to market roads

50% harvest lost due
to non availability of
infrastructure
Small
Farms
developed
and
Family

Family farm produce
80% of world food

75%
of
farmland is
owned
global
family
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE
DISEASES

HIV / Aids

Malaria

Tapeworm

Yellow Fever
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE
ARMED CONFLICT AND DISASTER

During 2011 natural
disaster resulted
 7 million affected by
drought
 3 million by flood
 3 million refugees

Food Crisis affected
12 million people in

Djibouti

Ethiopia

Kenya

Uganda
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE
ARMED CONFLICT AND DISASTER
Total Number of Violent Events 99548
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AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY
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AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

During 2011 natural
disaster resulted
 7 million affected by
drought
 3 million by flood
 3 million refugees

Food Crisis affected
12 million people in

Djibouti

Ethiopia

Kenya

Uganda
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA
GREEN REVOLUTION MOVEMENT

Africa
government
initiating
new
is
green
revolution

AGRA

100 different varieties of
crops

Train local farmer

Double productivity in 20
years
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA
GOVERNMENT COMMITMENT

Africa government for funding agriculture

Comprehensive
African
Agriculture
Development
Program (CAADP)


10 % of national budgets to agriculture development
CAADP four pillar approach

Pillar-1
-
Sustainable land management and water
control system

Pillar-2
-
Improving infrastructure and trade related
-
Improving food security and response to
activities

Pillar-3
emergency crisis
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA


Genetically
Crops

Ability
to
productivity

Kenya and South Africa
increase
Land Reforms


Modified
Specific land ownership
Commercial Farming

Small farmers limitation
to expand agriculture

Mechanical farming like
Brazil
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA

Hybrid Models

Model comprising small scale
2HA
and corporate farming


China model

Brazil model

Mixed Model
2HA
50HA
2HA
Nucleus farm model

50 ha farms

Small farms
2HA
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA

Agriculture Diversification

Diversification of crops

Horticulture and flowers

Organic Product
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QUESTIONS?
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