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Volcanoes Quick Write In this chapter, you will learn about volcanoes and their characteristics. Write down these questions and answer them in complete sentences. 1. What comes out of volcanoes? 2. What are dangers of volcanoes? 3. Where are common places to find volcanoes? 1. Sketch and diagram the following parts of a volcano: Slope/flank, crater, vent, volcanic neck, magma chamber. 2. Caldera? Formed when the top or slope of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber. 3. Shield volcano Broad, gentle (not steep) slopes, basaltic non-viscous lavas, non-explosive. For example: Hawaii 4. Cinder cone Steep sides, formed when fragments erupt, small, more explosive than shield but less than composite. 5. Composite (stratovolcano) Alternating rock/ash and lava layers. Larger than cinder cones, smaller than shield volcanoes, steep. Most explosive because of viscous (sticky) lavas which are high in silica (liquid glass) and volcanic gases. Movie Check for Understanding What are the 3 types of volcanoes? Sketch a volcano with slope/flank, magma chamber, vent, and crater. Matching: 1. Shield 2. Composite 3. Cinder a. smallest, made of fragments, medium explosivity b. largest, gentle slopes, non-viscous lavas, non-violent exposions c. med-size, viscous lavas/ash/gases, most explosive 6. Size and slope? •Shield is largest and slope is gradual. •Composite is larger than cinder cone and smaller than shield and slope is steep. •Cinder cone is smallest and slope is steep. 7. Pyroclastic flow? Rapidly moving gas, ash, and other material. Very dangerous. Sizes are not to scale… 8. Volcano locations •80% are found at CPBs •15% are found at DPBs •5% are found at non-plate boundaries (hot spots) 9. At CPB? Because of subduction, volcano chains and island chains are formed. 10. At DPB? Magma erupts on the ocean floor or on land in rift zones. 11. Hot spots? Super hot magma burns a hole through the Earth’s crust and erupts away from plate boundaries. Check for Understanding Fast moving volcanic gas and ash that can reach 700 degrees C are called what? Match the location with the % of volcanoes: 1. Convergent 2. Divergent 3. Hot Spots a. 15% b. 5% c. 80% _____ plate boundaries involve volcanoes, subduction, and create island and volcano chains. _____ plate boundaries involve rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges. ___ ____ are locations where super hot magmas burn through the Earth’s crust creating volcanoes. 12. Examples of volcanoes at PBs? Convergent = Cascades Divergent = mid-ocean ridges and Iceland Hot spot = Hawaii and Yellowstone Movie 1 Movie 2 Movie 3 Check for Understanding Matching: 1. Convergent a. Yellowstone/Hawaii 2. Divergent b. Cascades/Japan 3. Hot Spot c. mid-ocean ridge/Iceland