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Transcript
Free Fall & Acceleration at the Earth’s Surface All objects’ experience the force of gravity at the Earth’s surface pulling them towards the center of the Earth. This force results in an acceleration that is called g. a= g The value is determined by the Earth’s Mass and radius. gEarth = 9.8 m/s2 gMars ≈ 3.77m/s2 gMoon ≈ 1.63 m/s2 gjupiter ≈ 25.95 m/s2 Free-fall is the motion of objects that move under the sole influence of gravity; freefalling objects DO NOT encounter air resistance. ALL OBJECTS FREE FALL AT THE SAME RATE OF ACCELERATION, REGARDLESS OF THEIR MASS. **More massive objects will only fall faster if there is an appreciable amount of air resistance present. Free Fall vi = 0 a=g “g” refers to THE ACCELERATION DUE to Earth’s gravitational PULL! *******IT IS NOT GRAVITY All velocity and distance equations can be used by inserting g in for a. v = at d= 1 2 at2 v= gt d= ½ gt2 Since acceleration is a vector quantity, it has a direction associated with it. The direction of the acceleration vector depends on two things: whether the object is speeding up or slowing down whether the object is moving in the + or – direction The general principle for determining the acceleration is: When an object is speeding up, the acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity. When an object is slowing down, the acceleration is in the opposite direction as the velocity. The acceleration due to Earth’s gravity is actually NEGATIVE 9.8m/s2 (-9.8m/s2) –more on this later….. Acceleration Due to Gravity Comparison Body Mass [kg] Radius [m] Sun 1.99 x 1030 6.96 x 108 Acceleration Due g / g-Earth to Gravity, "g" [m/s²] 274.13 27.95 Mercury 3.18 x 1023 2.43 x 106 3.59 0.37 Venus 4.88 x 1024 6.06 x 106 8.87 0.90 Earth 5.98 x 1024 6.38 x 106 9.81 1.00 Moon 7.36 x 1022 1.74 x 106 1.62 0.17 Mars 6.42 x 1023 3.37 x 106 3.77 0.38 Jupiter 1.90 x 1027 6.99 x 107 25.95 2.65 Saturn 5.68 x 1026 5.85 x 107 11.08 1.13 Uranus 8.68 x 1025 2.33 x 107 10.67 1.09 Neptune 1.03 x 1026 2.21 x 107 14.07 1.43 0.42 0.04 Pluto 1.40 x 1022 1.50 x 106