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Arachnida • Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions Spider structure Cephalothorax • Anterior region of the body Abdomen • Posterior region of the body Eyes • 8 simple eyes on the cephalothorax Pedipalps • Foot like appendages used for: feeling, sensing chemicals, holding food, communication and mating Chelicerae • The fangs for injecting venom – all spiders are carnivores Sucking stomach • Sucks in liquefied food Digestive gland • Secretes enzymes to finish digestion Dorsal heart • Enlarged blood vessel (aorta) Book lungs • (breathing), opening is on the abdomen Silk glands and spinnerets • Found on abdomen, used for: wrapping prey, making webs, egg sacs, safety lines, ballooning Wrapping prey Spinning a web Egg sacs Safety line Ballooning Spider reproduction • Male transfers sperm to females seminal receptacle with pedipalps. Later, female releases egg and sperm into egg sac where fertilization occurs. Spider affects on humans • Positive – controls insect populations Spider affects on humans • Negative – black widow is most dangerous in U.S., brown recluse is 2nd, hobo spider is 3rd Spider bites Goliath Bird-Eating Spider Other arachnids Harvestmen (daddy-long-legs) • Not a spider – doesn’t have 2 distinct body regions and doesn’t produce silk or venom Ticks • Parasites, suck blood from their host Tick diseases • Lymes disease Muscle ache Stiff neck Migraine Flu like symptoms Fatigue Rash that looks like a “bull’s eye” Tick diseases • Rocky Mountain spotted fever Fever Nausea Vomiting Loss of appetite Spotted rash Tick diseases • Bubonic plague Gangrene in fingers and toes Buboes – caused by swollen lymph nodes Mites • Some do crop damage Mite diseases • Chiggers – mite larvae that bore into the skin causing severe itching Scorpions • Sting forward over their head, some are dangerous to humans Predators • Their pincers are their main weapons which are really extensions of their mouths (pedipalps) Watch out for the small ones… Arizona Bark Scorpion is the only species in the U.S. that is considered threatening The larger the pincers, the less venom they have Nocturnal Can easily be seen at night with a black light – exoskeleton causes them to glow Crustacea • Lobsters, crab, shrimp, crayfish Non-typical crustaceans • Pill bugs (rolly polly), barnacles, daphnia, cyclops Zooplankton • Organisms that drift with ocean currents and can’t photosynthesize – most are crustaceans and are VITAL to aquatic systems Largest Crab • Japanese Spider Crab Leg span of almost 4 meters Hermit Crab Coconut Crab known for its ability to crack coconuts with its strong pincers in order to eat the contents Crayfish structure Red is most common, then blue, then white Cephalothorax • Anterior body region of a crustacean Abdomen • Posterior body region of a crustacean Carapace • Top shell of a crustacean Antennae • Feeling and sensing chemicals Antennules • Sense vibrations – gives them balance Chelipeds • Claws used for tearing food and for defense Legs • 4 pair for walking, 1 pair for grabbing (chelipeds) Swimmerets • Aid in swimming, females carry eggs Green gland • Excretory organs that get rid of nitrogenous wastes Crayfish respiration • Gills are under the carapace and attached to legs Crayfish circulation • Dorsal heart inside the pericardium, open circulatory system Self amputation and regeneration • If a cheliped is damaged, they remove it and regrow another one
