Download LIGHT IN THE EAST: TimeFrame A

LIGHT IN THE EAST: TimeFrame A.D. 1000—1100.
—Chapter 1: “China’s Enlightened Empire,” pp. 9—41.
—Chapter 2: “The Advent Of the Turks,” pp. 42—67.
—Chapter 3: “The Norman Conquests,” pp. 68—115.
—Chapter 4: “The Birth Of Russia,” pp. 116—143.
—Chapter 5: “India’s Elephant Kings,” pp. 144—165.
CHAPTER 1: CHINA’S ENLIGHTENED EMPIRE
1—2. In the course of the eleventh century the heart of Song China moved South from
the _____________ River and its surrounding lands to the _____________ River.
3. The capital of Song China when it was oriented towards the North, it was a metropolis
of approximately one million people. ________________
4. The ancient advice that highlighted the transportation differences between North and
South. ______________________________________________________________
5. The regular use of these devices allowed eleventh-century Chinese sailors to open
trade routes to such places as India’s Malabar coast and the Persian Gulf. ____________
6. This rigorous examination, which involved poetry composition, essays on government
policy, and rote memorization of Confucian philosophy served as a selection mechanism
for the Song civil service. _____________________
7.
The invention of movable type in eleventh century China did not have the
revolutionary effect it had in Europe when Gutenberg reinvented it 400 years later.
Why?
______________________________________________________________________
8. The sack of Kaifeng in 1127 by these northern invaders marked the end of the greatest
and earliest period of Song history, but it did not terminate the dynasty itself.
_________________
9. A Chinese text of 1044 contains the first known formula for this substance, probably
derived from the experiments of alchemists. ____________________
CHAPTER 2: “THE ADVENT OF THE TURKS,”
LIGHT IN THE EAST: TIMEFRAME 1000-1100 A.D.
1. The 1071 A.D. battle in which Muslims defeated the Byzantines; it is the battle that
created Turkey. ___________________
2-3. These nomadic horsemen erupted out of the steppes of central Asia to quickly build
an eleventh-century empire that stretched from the Mediterranean to the edges of India.
_______________________
The branch of Islam to which they adhered to.
__________________
4-5. The two most important cities of Transoxiana, the “Land Beyond the Oxus River.”
___________________, _________________.
6. These Egyptian Muslims were bitter rivals of the Turks. ____________________
7. Military slaves recruited from lands that were not monotheistic and converted to Islam
as part of their training, they proved loyal and well disciplined. ________________
8. Born in about 1050 A.D., this mathematician, scientist and poet is best known for his
rubaiyat, or quatrains, four-line poems that reveal a pessimistic but searching view of life.
________________________
9. Institutes of learning established to teach religion and science from an orthodox Sunni
point of view. __________________
10. A mystical branch of Islam which emphasized the importance of ecstatic experience
of God, it was brought more into the mainstream of Islamic theology by the eleventhcentury philosopher al-Ghazali. ______________
11. Members of this secret terrorist organization dedicated to destroying the Sunni
Seljuks in the name of the Shia faith referred to themselves as “Self-Sacrificers”; to
orthodox Muslims, who believed that the murderers carried out their deeds under the
influence of hashish, they were known as hashishin, a phrase later translated by
Crusaders from the West as this. ______________________
CHAPTER 3: “THE NORMAN CONQUESTS,”
LIGHT IN THE EAST: TIMEFRAME 1000-1100 A.D.
1. The Medieval practice of purchasing Church office. ________________
2. The tenth-century pope accused by hostile chroniclers of arson, fornication, castrating
rivals, and publicly drinking to the health of the devil. __________________
3. Heirs to Charlemagne, they claimed the imperial mantle of the caesars and ruled
modern-day Germany and Italy — traditionally, they were crowned by the pope.
______________________
4-5. The showdown at Canossa in 1075 between this emperor and this pope led in the
short term to civil war in Germany and a dual papacy; in broader terms it signaled a papal
ascendancy that endured throughout the Middle Ages.
________________,
_____________________________
6-7. The decisive victory by which Duke William of Normandy won the English crown.
___________________________ The year of that victory. ______________
8.
In 1061, the Normans conquered this Italian island from Muslim forces.
_______________
9. During the First Crusade, Normans would establish this principality in today’s Near
East. ______________
10-11.
The architectural style of the Western churches and cathedrals built in the
eleventh century. ________________ During the second half of the twelfth century, as
buttresses eliminated the need for thick walls, this style was replaced by what new style?
___________
12. The newly constructed London church in which first Harold and then William were
crowned king. ________________________
13. The heavenly body that appeared shortly before William’s invasion of England.
_____________
14. The famed 900-year-old embroidered band of linen that celebrates the Normans’
victory over the English forces. ________________________
15. The detailed 1085 national inventory ordered by King William, it was linked by the
English people to the Day Of Judgment, since they recognized the potentially sinister
fiscal implications of the survey. _________________________
16.
The famed London landmark that was constructed in about 1078.
_________________________
17-18. Eleventh-century Christendom was divided between Rome and Constantinople as
centers of power. In the former, ____________ was the official language of the church,
while in the latter it was ___________.
19. Founded in 910 at a time of spiritual decay, this Benedictine monastery in eastern
France would become one of the most famous institutions in Christendom.
____________
CHAPTER 4: “THE BIRTH OF RUSSIA,”
LIGHT IN THE EAST: TIMEFRAME 1000-1100 A.D.
1-2. The ruler of Kiev who converted to Christianity in 988 A.D. _____________ Of
the Orthodox faith of Constantinople and the Catholic faith of Rome, which did he
choose? __________
3-4. The Kievan state — the precursor of modern Russia — grew up along the river
system linking these two bodies of water. _________________, _________________.
5-6.
The Kievan state represented the blending of these two groups of people.
__________________, ____________________.
7-8. According to the Primary Chronicle, he became established as the most important
Russian prince in 862 after a meeting had been called to bring order to the north.
___________
The
city
in
which
this
prince
established
his
rule.
________________________
9. After Vladimir’s conversion, they spearheaded opposition to the Church, trying to
keep alive the old pagan faith. ______________
10. Based on the Cyrillic script, the alphabet developed in the ninth century by the two
original apostles to the Slavs, Saints Cyril and Methodius, it was the language into which
Christian scriptures and liturgies were translated after Vladimir’s conversion — it would
remain
the
literary
language
__________________________
of
Russian
until
the
eighteenth
century.
11. The church that became the focal point of an increasingly cosmopolitan Kiev.
________________________________
12. The powerful landowners who had received their estates as a reward for past services
to the ruling dynasty and who made up the governing elite of Kievan Russia.
_________________
13. This event of 1204 would lead to the further decline of Kiev, and to a consolidation
of the shift of focus in Russian life northward — the Russia that would emerge would be
more
isolated
and
autocratic
than
that
which
had
centered
on
Kiev.
____________________________________________________________________
14.
The arched niche in mosques constructed in the wall facing Mecca to orient
worshippers towards Muhammad’s birthplace. ________________
15-16. The official who summons the Muslim faithful to mosque from the top of a
minaret with the cry “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.”
______________ The prayer leader at the mosque. _______________
17. Hindus held the sexual act to symbolize this. ______________________________
CHAPTER 5: “INDIA’S ELEPHANT KINGS,”
LIGHT IN THE EAST: TIMEFRAME 1000-1100 A.D.
1. During this period of Indian history, Tamils built a great empire under the rule of two
renowned warrior-kings, Rajaraja and Rajendra. _______________
2. The capital of this empire. ______________
3. In the 1020s, Rajendra annexed this island, which much later would become the nation
of Sri Lanka. ____________
4. In the 1030s, Rajendra would launch an assault upon this empire, centered on the
island of Sumatra 1200 miles to the east. ________________________________
5. The 2,000 or so extant poems composed between the second and fifth centuries A.D.
offer proof of the glories of this Tamil literary era. __________________
6-7.
Chola worship centered on this Hindu deity, the benevolent god of destruction
and renewal with whom most southern Indian temples were associated.
_______________
The god was most typically represented in this role, as
Nataraja. ____________________________________