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Sources of the Democratic Tradition Section 3: Principles of Judaism Much of Western culture has also been shaped by the values of three monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Judaism 2000 BC Hebrews reach Cannan Abraham-” father “ of the Hebrews Torah- first 5 books of Hebrew Bible Covenant Man in God’s Image Human Dignity Moral Freedom Individual Responsibility Worth of Individual Moses Traditionally out of Egypt Exodus led Israelites Law based on Morality The Ten Commandments Ethics Rulers Subservient to Moral Law The Kingdom of Israel 1000 BC King David United the Israelite tribes into a single nation. Solomon Turned Jerusalem into an impressive capital Temple dedicated to God Fame for his wisdom and understanding Prophets Social Conscience Oppose injustice and oppression Bring reform Diaspora - scattering of the Jews. 586 B.C Babylonian Captivity Jews migrate throughout Middle East and Mediterranean regions. 70 AD Romans destroy Jewish temple in Jerusalem Christianity o Jesus Christ-”Messiah” o The Golden Rule o Belief in Afterlife Redemption o Paul spreads message to Gentiles o Universal Religion o Essential equality of Mankind Spread of Christianity o Roman Persecutions o The Diaspora 70 AD o By 380 AD, Christianity is o official religion of Rome- Catholicism Islam-early 600s o Muhammad o Dignity of Human Beings o Brotherhood of all People o Charity and Civic Responsibility o Rulers Live Under Same Code as Ruled Legacy of Monotheism o The Duty to Combat Oppression o The Worth of the Individual o Equality of People Renaissance Revives Classical Ideals o Secular Humanism o Rebirth of Knowledge o Individual value o Renewed interest in non-church matters The Reformation Challenges Church Power which had become authoritarian o Martin Luther 1521 o Protestantism o Individual Conscience Legacy of Renaissance and Reformation o Challenges to Authority o Power of the Written Word o Value of the Individual