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17 Quiz Quiz Say True or False and Explain : 1. Glaucoma tends to run in families 2. A person can have glaucoma and not know it 3. People over age 60 are more likely to get glaucoma 4. Eye pain is often a symptom of glaucoma 5. Glaucoma can be controlled 6. Glaucoma is caused by increased eye pressure 7. Vision loss from glaucoma can be restored. 8. A complete glaucoma exam consists only of measuring eye pressure 9. People at risk for glaucoma should have an eye examination through dilated pupils 10. Hyperopia is a risk factor for angle closure glaucoma Compassion Oct - Dec, 2016 18 Ophthalmic Terminology Simplified Herewith we present some ophthalmic terminologies and their simple definitions which may be of extreme use for you in your daily work. This series will be continued in the alphabetical order in the upcoming issues. -PPseudo-squint -RRAPD The situation in which a person seems to have a squint but in fact does not. The most common cause of this is the presence of a wide nasal bridge (epicanthus). Relative afferent pupillary defect. Pterygium A triangular growth of tissue that grows form the conjunctiva onto the cornea. If large it can cause astigmatism. Ptosis Recession and resection The moving of muscles from their original position to new positions on the eyeball in order to either weaken (recession) or strengthen (resection) their pull for the surgical correction of squints. Refraction The hole through which the tears pass into the canaliculi. The deviation of light in passing obliquely from one medium to another of different density. In ophthalmic practice, refraction describes the process by which the prescription of spectacle lenses for an eye is measured. Pupil Refractive error The round hole in the centre of the iris that corresponds to the lens aperture in a camera. The pupil varies in size according to whether the environment is bright (small pupil) or dark (large pupil). When the eye fails to focus light correctly and needs a lens (for example spectacles or contact lens) to correct it. Drooping of the eyelid. Punctum Pupillary light reflex The pupil contracts or gets smaller in response to a bright light being shone into it and automatically causes the pupil of the other eye to contract. Retinal detachment The falling away of the retina from its correct position at the back of the eye, which leads to a defect in the field of vision and ultimately loss of vision. Retinopathy Disease of the retina, for example, diabetic retinopathy is disease of the retina secondary to diabetes. 22 Answers to True or False on Page 18 1. True - ( Glaucoma often runs in families. If someone in the immediate family has glaucoma, one should have a comprehensive, dilated eye examination every year or once in two years). 2. True - (The early stages of open-angle glaucoma, have no warning signs. However, as the disease progresses, a person with glaucoma may notice his or her side vision gradually failing). 3. True - (Everyone over age 60 is at an increased risk for glaucoma). 4. True - (People with glaucoma usually do not experience pain from the disease). 5. True - (Although glaucoma cannot be cured, one can generally control it with eye drops or pills or with laser surgery). 6. False - (Increased eye pressure means one is at increased risk for glaucoma, but does not mean that one has the disease. A person has glaucoma only if the optic nerve is damaged. If there is no damage to the optic nerve, one does not have glaucoma. Follow the advice of the doctor). 7. False - (Vision loss from glaucoma is permanent. However, with early detection and treatment, the progression of visual loss can be slowed or halted and the risk of blindness reduced). 8. False - (A measurement of eye pressure by tonometry, is not enough to detect glaucoma. Glaucoma is detected most often during an eye examination through dilated pupils.. When indicated, a visual field test should also be performed). 9. True - (An eye examination through dilated pupils is the best way to diagnose glaucoma. Individuals at increased risk for the disease should have their eyes examined through dilated pupils every one to two years). 10. True - (The anterior chamber depth and volume are smaller in hyperopic eyes. Shallow anterior chamber is the main ocular risk factor for closure of the angle). - Prof. Danrita Academic Consultant, MLOP Division, Aravind - Madurai