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THE NAZIS AND THE JEWS This is a time-line of the main events. Add detail as we go through the ppt; you will fill in the remainder using a research hand-out that I will give you. 30 Jan 1933 Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. 1 April 1933 7 April 1933 The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service was passed, which banned Jews from Government jobs. May 1935 Jews were forbidden to join the army (12,000 German Jews had died fighting for Germany in WW1). Summer 1935 Anti-Jewish notices appeared in shops and restaurants. 15 Sep 1935 Nov 1935 Because of the Nuremberg laws it became important to define who was and who wasn’t Jewish. If you were half-Jewish (a “Mischlinge”) the laws applied to you. 1936 Fearing international pressure Hitler scaled down his anti-Semitism during the 1936 Berlin Olympics – even allowing a half-Jewish woman, Helene Mayer, on the German team (she won a Silver in fencing). 1936 Jews banned from all professional jobs. Mar 1938 Process of Aryanisation (squeezing Jews out of all business life) continued. From Mar 1938 Government contracts could no longer be awarded to Jews. Jewish firms were pressured to “voluntarily” sell to German firms. Aug 1938 All Jews had to use new names in their signatures: men added the name ‘Israel’ and women the name ‘Sarah’. Sep 1938 Only Aryan Doctors were allowed to treat Aryan patients. Oct 1938 Jewish passports had to be stamped with a large red ‘J’. 7-8 Nov 1938 Kristallnacht or the Night of the Broken Glass (add details below and on next page) 1 12 Nov. 1938 Insurance companies were forced to hand over money due to Jews from Kristallnacht to the Government who gave it to “true Germans” instead. They justified this by blaming the Jews for the events of Kristallnacht. The Jews were also fined One Billion Reichsmarks! By 1 April 1939 24 Jan. 1939 Hermann Goering lost interest in the Jews having taken all their money and passed authority over the Jews to the SS. Himmler, leader of the SS, wished to eliminate Jews from Germany. This was to be achieved by forced emigration (making Jews leave Germany). Sep 1939 (start Of WW2) German Jews were subject to a curfew and had their radios taken away. By March 1940 clothing and food for Jews was reduced. Sep 1939 The outbreak of war changed Nazi attitudes to the Jews. It meant that extreme measures could be taken against the Jews without concern for world opinion. Also it increased the number of Jews under Nazi control. 1940 Ghettos (closed city areas for Jews) were organised in the cities of Poland. Many died from starvation in these camps. Close to the ghettos were labour camps where many Jews were worked to death. June 1941 Germany invaded Russia. Einsatzgruppen (special task forces) moved into Russia behind the advancing German army to round up and kill Jews and other “undesirables”. 2.2m Russians and Jews were murdered in this way. Summer 1941 Decision taken by senior Nazis to seek a permanent and Final Solution to the ‘Jewish problem’. Jan 1942 By summer 1943 Jews from all over German-occupied Europe being transported to extermination camps. It is estimated that 6m people were killed. 2 Persecution of other groups Which other groups were persecuted by the Nazis? Describe (when & what) the 3 main phases of Nazi activity against the Jews Identification and discrimination: Exclusion: Elimination: Why were conditions so favourable for Hitler to emphasise anti-Semitism during the 1920s and early 1930s? Does it seem that Hitler had a plan to murder the Jews from the start of his career? Explain why there was so little apparent opposition to these policies in Nazi Germany? 3