Download The Endocrine System

4.04 Understand the Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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4.04 Understand the Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
What are some disorders of the endocrine system?
How do you relate the body’s hormones to the
endocrine system?
HORMONES=CHEMICALS
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
*Adrenal Cortex
*Addison's disease
What is the cause of Addison’s
disease?
Hypofunction of adrenal cortex
*SYMPTOMS: Excessive pigmentation
“bronzing” of the skin, decreased
blood glucose, low blood pressure,
muscle weakness, fatigue, diarrhea,
weight loss, vomiting
TREATMENT: Replace deficient
hormones
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Adrenal Cortex
Before
Cushing's Syndrome-hypersecretion of
glucocorticoid hormones from the adrenal
cortex
What is a syndrome?
A group of symptoms characteristic of a disease
What are some common symptoms of Cushings’?
High blood pressure, muscle weakness,
obesity, poor healing of skin lesions, bruise
easily, excessive hair growth, menstrual
disorders, hyperglycemia, “moon” face,
“buffalo hump”
How is Cushing’s syndrome treated? Surgical
removal of the adrenal cortical tumor
Compare the before and after pictures at the right.
After
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Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Adrenal Glands
*Steroid Abuse in Sports-used to build
bigger, stronger muscles
What are the *RISKS?
*Males-liver changes, decrease spleen
production, atrophy of testicles, breast
enlargement, risk of cardiovascular
diseaseheadaches, dizziness,
hypertension, mood swings,
aggressiveness
Females-amenorrhea (loss of
menstrual cycle), abnormal placement
of body hair, baldness, voice changes,
headaches, dizziness, hypertension,
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mood swings, aggressiveness
Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
*Pancreas
*Diabetes Mellitus-decreased
secretion of insulin from the islets
of Langerhans or caused by
ineffective use of insulin
The most common screening tool for
diabetes is a urinalysis
What is the normal blood sugar
range? 70-100
*SYMPTOMS: HYPERGYLCEMIA (high
blood sugar), polyuria (increase
urination), polydypsia (excessive thirst),
polyphagia (excessive hunger), weight
loss, blurred vision, possible diabetic
coma
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pancreas
Diabetes Mellitus (Type I)-aka
juvenile diabetes; thought to be
caused by autoimmune reaction
and the islets of Langerhans are
destroyed
*TREATMENT:
Must take insulin daily and
monitor blood sugar
***The pancreas
secretes the most
insulin after meals
What age group is most
commonly effected?
Children or young adults
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pancreas
Diabetes Type II-insulin is secreted in
small amounts; 90-95% of diabetics
have this type.
Compare Type I to Type II diabetes-Type II is
more common in adults over 45, overweight,
family history, certain ethnic or cultural
groups
*TREATMENT: Insulin (oral or injections), diet
Discuss some of the complications of
diabetes? Atherosclerosis, hypertension,
blindness, cataracts, glaucoma, dental
disease, kidney damage, amputations, nerve
damage
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
*Pituitary Gland
*Acromegaly-hypersecretion of the
growth hormone (GH) during
adulthood causing overdevelopment
of the bones of the face, hands and
feet; the chin protrudes and the lips,
nose and extremities enlarge; usually
due to a tumor.
How is acromegaly treated?
Drug therapy to inhibit the GH (growth
hormone) and radiation.
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pituitary Gland
*Growth Hormone Deficiency
(childhood)-dwarfism
What are some common symptoms?
*Physique remains juvenile and
sexually immature; body is
proportionate and intelligence is
normal
How is it treated? early diagnosis to
begin GH (growth hormone)
injections for 5 years or more
Why is important to treat it early?
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pituitary Gland
Gigantism-hyperfunctioning of
the pituitary gland during
preadolescence (often due to a
tumor)
What are the symptoms?
Overgrowth of the long bones
leading to tallness
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
*Parathyroid
*Tetany: caused by hypofunction
of the parathyroid or removal of
the parathyroid; diminished
calcium levels affect the nerve
function
• What are the *SYMPTOMS?
Convulsive twitching and the
person dies of spasms in the
respiratory muscles
• What are the treatments?
Administer Vitamin D, calcium and
parathormone to restore calcium
balance.
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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Disorders of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
*Thyroid Gland
*Hyperthyroidism-overactivity of the
thyroid gland; *too much THYROXINE
is secreted and the thyroid gland
enlarges
*SYMPTOMS: Nervous irritability, feel
hot, large appetite with weight loss, fast
growing but rough fingernails, weak
muscles, increased blood pressure,
tremors, perspiration, exophthalmos
(bulging eyeballs), dilated pupils,
enlarged thyroid (goiter)
TREATMENT: Total or partial removal of
the thyroid, medications, radioactive
iodine
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Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
*Thyroid Gland
*Hypothyroidism-thyroid gland
doesn’t secrete enough
thyroxine; may be due to
iodine deficiency or
inflammation of the thyroid
gland
SYMPTOMS: Simple goiter (due to
lack of iodine), dry and itchy skin,
brittle hair, constipation, muscle
cramps at night, myxedema (swollen
face, weight gain, memory failure),
cretinism (lack of mental and
physical growth-retardation)
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*TREATMENT: Use of iodized salt,
4.04 Understand the Functions and Disorders of
the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
What are some disorders of the endocrine system?
How do you relate the body’s hormones to the
endocrine system?
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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