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2440: 141
Web Site Administration
Server Installation
Instructor: Enoch E. Damson
Prepare the Server for Installation
 Production systems use a single-boot system
 Only one operating system is on a computer
 Educational or training systems usually use multi-
boot systems
 More than one operating system on a computer
 Service packs (Microsoft) or errata (Linux) are useful
for operating system improvements and maintenance
 Linux errata are usually divided into: security alerts, bug
fixes and enhancements
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Prepare the Server for Installation…
 Most operating systems are designed to control the
master boot record (MBR)
 MBR – a sector on the hard disk that contains a boot loader
program intended to start the boot process


Linux uses either the GRUB or LILO boot loaders
LILO (LInux LOader) –

Has no interactive command interface

Does not support booting from a network
Wrong configuration could leave the system unbootable
 Because changing the LILO config file requires the LILO stage one boot
loader to be rewritten to the MBR


GRUB (GRnux Unified Boat Loader) –

Has interactive command interface

Supports booting from a network
Defaults to the GRUB command-line interface, after incorrect configuration

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Prepare the Server for Installation…
 For multi-boot systems, you may want to install
Windows first before Linux
 The Linux boot method will allow both operating systems to
coexist on the same hard disk
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Checking Hardware Compatibility
 Typically there are fewer problems when using hardware
designed for a server from major manufacturers
 IDE drives are always compatible
 Make sure the latest drivers for SCSI and RAID controllers
are available
 With video adapters and NICs, it is best to use ones from
major vendors
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System Documentation
 Should be detailed enough for inexperienced network
administrator
 System documentation is an ongoing process
 Changes occur over the life of the server
 These changes need to be documented
 Need compatibility information
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System Documentation…
 Some hardware information include:
 Server manufacturer, including model information
 Processor type and speed
 Amount of RAM
 Drive interface – RAID, SCSI, IDE
 Hard disk – size, manufacturer, and model
 NIC manufacturer and model
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System Documentation…
 Other system information include:
 Partition information – number and sizes
 Operating system version installed
 Latest software patches
 Extra drivers needed
 URLs for latest drivers
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System Documentation…
 Steps for installation including options chosen
 Keep documentation, CDs, drivers in a binder
 Know support details
 Who to call
 Contract phone number
 Type of support contract
 Expiration of contract
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The Installation Process
 The Setup program will ask you about your system
 You need to know the answers to these questions before
you start
 Many of the questions are common to all operating
systems
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The Installation Process…
 Partitioning the Hard Disk:
 A partition is a logical division of the hard disk
 On Windows systems, you may create a primary partition
and an extended partition


Primary partition – where a system boots from
Extended partition – where more drives are added

Gives you more logical drives in Windows
 It is best to isolate the operating system from
applications

If the application partition fills and the operating system is on the
same partition, the OS stops
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The Installation Process…
 Linux Partitions:
 Six partitions are used for Linux by default






/ (root partition)
swap (used for virtual memory)
/boot (boot files – small)
/usr (shared files and programs)
/home (user files and programs)
/var (Web site, FTP, log files)
 Just / and swap are required
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Managing Multiple Operating Systems on a
Single Computer
 Useful for development and training purposes
 Best to start with non-partitioned hard disk
 Create one partition for each Windows OS
 Allow Linux to create default partitions
 Install Windows first, then Linux
 Linux installation then produces a menu to select
Windows
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The Installation Process…
 Naming Computers:
 Identify a computer on the network
 Windows communicates the computer name to other
computers on the subnet so it should be unique
 Name of computer is not related to how the computer is
recognized on the Internet
 In Linux, the hostname can exist on more than one
computer

It only uses IP addresses for communication
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The Installation Process…
 Software Licensing:
 Describes how the software can be used
 For Windows, usually each installation must be
activated by Microsoft
 Linux is basically free but there may be a cost for
packaging, support, and extras


Based on the GNU general public license
Red Hat has personal, professional, and Advanced
Server options
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The Installation Process…
 Selecting a File System:
 A file system determines how files are stored on a hard disk
 Some Windows file systems include:
 NTFS
 FAT32
 FAT
 Some Linux file systems include:
 ext4
 ext3
 ext2
 JFS
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Default Operating System File
Systems
Release Year
1981
1984
1985
1989
1990
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1998
1998
2000
2000
2001
2003
2003
2006
2008
2009
Operating System
MS-DOS/PC DOS
Mac OS
Mac OS
OS/2 v1.2
Windows 3.0 / 3.1x
Linux
FreeBSD v1-v5.0
Windows NT 3.5
Windows 95
Windows NT 4.0
Mac OS 8.1 / Mac OS X
Windows 98
Windows Me
Windows 2000
Windows XP
FreeBSD v5.1-v9
Windows Server 2003
Windows Vista
Windows Server 2008
Windows 7
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File System
FAT12
Macintosh File System (MFS)
Hierarchical File System (HFS)
High Performance File System (HPFS)
FAT16B
ext / ext2 / ext3 / ext4
UFS1
NTFS
FAT16 and VFAT
NTFS
HFS Plus (HFS+)
FAT32
FAT32
NTFS
NTFS but FAT32 is also common
UFS2
NTFS
NTFS
NTFS
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Basic Linux Concepts
 No drive letters
 The root is /
 Devices may be mounted before usage
 mount /mnt/cdrom
 Devices may also be un-mounted before removing
them to flush the file buffer files are copied to them
 umount /mnt/floppy
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Linux Shell Prompt
 Shell – the command-line interface
 E.g. sh, bash, csh, tcsh, ksh
 Most work is done on Linux at the shell prompt using commands such
as the following:
Linux Shell Command
exit
kill/killall
cd
ls
mkdir
rm
rm -r
mv
cp
find/locate
useradd
clear
ifconfig
chmod
cmp
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Windows Equivalent
exit
kill/pskill
cd
dir
md
del/erase
deltree
move
copy/xcopy/mv
find
addusers
cls
ipconfig
icacls/xcacls
comp
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Configuring TCP/IP on Linux
 To determine TCP/IP configuration in Linux, type
ifconfig at a shell prompt
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Configuring TCP/IP on Windows
 To determine TCP/IP configuration in Windows, type
ipconfig at a command prompt
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