Download PPT

INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT –
NORTH AMERICA (INTEX-NA, or INTEX)
Recent Milestones:
•
May 2002: Go-ahead from NASA
•
July 2002: meeting with NOAA/AL (ITCT-2K4)
•
4-5 September 2002: joint INTEX-ITCT-2K4-COBRA planning
meeting
•
15 September: revised white paper (Singh, Jacob, Pfister) for Aura
Collaborative Science Strategy Document (Anderson)
INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT –
NORTH AMERICA (INTEX)
OBJECTIVES:
(1) To quantify the outflow of climatically important trace gases and
aerosols (CIGAs) from North America to the Atlantic, and relate this
outflow to our understanding of North American sources and sinks;
(2) To understand the chemical evolution of the North American
outflow over the Atlantic, and assess the implications for global
influence and intercontinental transport of pollution;
(3) To quantify the transpacific transport of Asian pollution to North
America.and its implications for surface air quality.
TWO AIRCRAFT: NASA DC-8 and P-3B
TWO PHASES: A (Jun-Jul 2004) and B (Mar-Apr 2006)
INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY FOR INTEX
LINK WITH
TERRA, ENVISAT,
AQUA, AURA,
OCO (phase B)
LINK WITH ITOP, DLR
Satellite
validation
Pacific
inflow
Processing,
ventilation,
scavenging
FT
TRANSPACFIC
POLLUTION
INFLUENCE
BL
LINK WITH
ITCT-2K4, COBRA
NORTH AMERICA
GLOBAL
INFLUENCE
Outflow to Atlantic,
chemical aging
LINK WITH
CNRS/SA
TOP-DOWN ESTIMATES
OF SOURCES, SINKS
TRANSATLANTIC
POLLUTION
A priori estimates of
INFLUENCE
surface sources/sinks
INTEX OPERATIONAL SITES (PHASE A)
Pease AFB, NH
DC-8, joint
with ITCT-2K4
(NOAA P-3B)
Seattle, WA
DC-8 overnight site
PBL ventilation,
deep convection,
fire plumes
N Atlantic
outflow
Eastern U.S.
transects
Transcontinental
transects
St. Louis, MO
DC-8 and P-3B
Edwards AFB, CA
DC-8 overnight
Chemical
aging
Wallops, VA
P-3B
PRIORITY CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS FOR INTEX
•
Priority 1 (mission critical): O3 (in situ and remote), aerosols (remote),
H2O, CO2, CO
•
Priority 2 (very important): NO, NO2, PAN, HNO3, NOy, CH4, N2O,
speciated hydrocarbons, halocarbons, peroxides, carbonyls, OH, HO2,
RO2, SO2, H2SO4, aerosol composition, size distribution, optical
properties
•
Priority 3 (important): Organic nitrates, single particle composition,
radionuclides, alcohols, H2O (remote)
•
Priority 5 (exploratory): NH3, HNO2, HNO4
No distinction of priorities between DC-8 and P-3B payloads
WHAT IS AMMA? (formerly WAM)
African Monsoon Multidimensional Analysis
-OR/OU –
Analyse Multidimensionelle de la Mousson Africaine
• Multiyear monsoon dynamics experiment led by
France/UK/Germany/U.S.
• International Science Plan presently being written
(U.S. lead: Chris Thorncroft, SUNYA)
• Focus in wet season and shoulders (Apr-Oct)
•First operational phase: Apr-Oct 2005
Plan for an “AMMA-dry” (Jan-Feb) led by radiation/chemistry community:
• Interaction of biomass burning, dust, other continental influences
• Validation of Aura, Parasol, Calipso, Cloudsat is strong focus
• Leads: D. Tanre (France), J. Haywood (UK), M. Wendisch (Germany)
• U.S. interest: radiation (Y. Kaufman, S. Ackerman), chemistry (Jacob, Browell,
Brune, Crawford, Logan, Singh,…) - draft white paper available • Timing: Jan-Feb 2005 or 2006
• European resources: Mystere 20, BA-e146 aircraft, lidars, ground/island sites
• High-altitude aircraft (e.g., WB-57) is crucial
NASA COMPONENT OF AMMA:
an AURA collaborative science mission
OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the interactions between
biomass burning, the biosphere, human
activity, lightning, and dust in determining
tropospheric ozone and aerosol production
over western Africa;
• To understand the mechanisms for outflow
of ozone, aerosols, and their precursors from
western Africa to the global troposphere;
• To characterize the transatlantic transport of this outflow;
• To provide Aura tropospheric validation data in a complex and highly
variable tropical environment where TOMS appears to experience
difficulties.
TWO PHASES:
• Winter mission (Jan-Feb) with emphasis on biomass burning (top priority)
• Summer mission (Jun-Aug) with emphasis on monsoon and dust
PLATFORMS: WB-57 (essential), DC-8 (desirable)
WESTERN AFRICA IS A PARTICULARLY ACTIVE
AND COMPLEX REGION OF THE TROPICS
Dust
Anthropogenic
Biofuel
Savanna
Lightning
Ocean
Monsoon Flux
Harmattan Flux
Biomass Burning
Forest
Biomass Burning
Celine Mari, LA Toulouse
ATSR FIRE COUNTS (1997)
Western Africa is one of the world’s most active
biomass burning regions
LARGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MODEL AND TOMS
TROPOSPHERIC OZONE COLUMNS OVER W. AFRICA
GEOS-CHEM - 1997
TOMS (CCD)- 1997
DJF
MAM
JJA
SON
Martin et al. [2002]
LIS LIGHTNING FLASHES (2000)
Western Africa is one of the world’s most active
lightning regions
DJF
JJA
WESTERN AFRICA IS ONE OF THE DUSTIEST
REGIONS ON EARTH
DUST OVER WESTERN AFRICA CAN HAVE
COMPLEX EFFECTS ON SATELLITE RETRIEVALS
SeaWIFS “true-color” data (obtained from R. Husar)
INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY
FOR AMMA-dry
SATELLITES
MODELS
AIRCRAFT, SONDES, GROUND
Aura: Ozone, CO,
H2O,NO, NO2, HNO3,
CH4, HCHO, …
Parasol, Calipso,
Cloudsat…
3-D CTM forecasts
and analyses
WB-57 aircraft (+DC-8?)
European surface
sites, lidars, aircraft
Strong links to AVE and TC3