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Matter Notes
What is chemistry?__________________________________________________________________
Name some types of chemistry?__________________, _________________, ___________________,
_____________________, _________________
Why is chemistry important?___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Matter is anything that has ____________ and __________________
Mass and Weight differ in that ______________ depends on gravity.
States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Holds shape
Fixed volume
Particles arranged in a
rigid pattern
Relatively strong forces
of attraction between
particles
Energy is the ability or ____________ to do work. It is associated with _____________. Some types
are: _________________, heat, radiant, chemical, ________________, and electrical. It can be
____________________ from one type to another.
Energy transformation example: Nuclear energy changes to ____________ energy which is used to
form _________________ energy and finally electrical energy.
Temperature: is measuring a systems ability to ____________________ or acquire heat and is NOT
dependent on the amount of matter present. It is equal to the average kinetic ______________ of the
particles in a sample. It is measured with a ____________________ in units _______, ________, or
_________________.
Please complete the following table as a temperature problem review:
Heat vs. Temperature:
Heat is a form of ______________________ that IS mass and temperature dependent. It is measured
indirectly using a _____________ calorimeter in units such as ____________ or _______________.
Example of difference (circle the one with more heat)
1 drop of water vs. 1 five gallon pot of water both at 100 degrees
Ways that heat can be transferred (draw the picture from the notes!):
Convection:_______________________
Radiation:_________________________
Conduction:________________________
A physical property is a property that can be observed or measured without ________________ the
composition or identity of the matter. Examples: color, ______________, size, texture, viscosity,
length, mass, boiling point, _________________,
D______________, and solubility
A chemical property is a property that can be observed only when substances ___________________
with one another. Identities ARE ___________________. Examples: iron + oxygen = ____________
K + water = _______________
Physical Changes: involve _____________, do not affect ________________ properties. The identity
of the matter does not __________________ and it is usually easy to reverse.
Chemical Changes: involve _____________ usually to a greater extent than a physical change. The
identity of reactants does _______________. Not always easy, or even possible, to ______________.
Endothermic: products have ____________ energy. Reaction in which energy is absorbed.
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS + ENERGY THAT IS RELEASED
Exothermic: products have less energy. Reaction in which energy is _____________________.
REACTANTS + ENERGY THAT IS ABSORBED
PRODUCTS
Physical Change or Chemical?
a. ice melting___________________
b. bumper rusting _________________
c. heating up soup ________________
d. baking cookies __________________
e. vaporizing gas then burning it as you drive to school_____________________
Conservation of Mass:_________________________=________________________________
Conservation of Energy:________________________= _______________________________
Matter Categories: If your sample of matter can be physically separated into different parts it is a
______________. If not, it is a ____________________________.
Let's start with
Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
 consists of __________ or more
distinct physical _____________ or
_______________
 fairly easy to physically separate
into its ______________
components by _______________,
filtering, distilling, etc.
examples:
 uniform in composition and
_______________ throughout
 a.k.a. as a _______________
 a physical mixture in which
each component keeps their
individual _________________
but they may blend
examples:
Pure Substances:
 consists of only _______kind of
matter
 cannot be _____________
physically, only ______________,
or not at all.
Compounds:
 made up of ________ of two or
more elements that are
_____________ bonded.
 components lose their
____________ identity
Evidence of chemical change in
production:___________________
____________________________
____________________________
example
rx:___________________
Elements:
 92 natural + manmade
 made up of only ________
kind of ____________
 cannot be simplified
 used as building blocks for
all other matter
examples:_________________
_________________________
diatomic examples:__________
_________________________
_
Law of Definite Composition:____________________________________________________
example:
Law of Multiple Proportions:_____________________________________________________
example:
Classes of elements:
Metals (found on the ___________________ of the periodic table).
Characteristics: luster, conductors of _________ and ___________________, ductile,
____________________ and ________________
Nonmetals (found on the upper ____________ side of the periodic table)
Characteristics: tend to be dull, ____________ conductors, solids are ____________________,
many are ___________ or __________ at room temperature
Metalloids (found along stair step – only ____________ of them)
Characteristics: _______________________________________________
All six examples: __________________, ____________________, _________________,
___________________,____________________,__________________
Symbols and Formulas:
First example H3PO4: has ______________ H, has _________P, and ________________O
Second example Mg(OH)2 has ___________Mg, has ___________O, and _____________H
You try a few more: NaCl_______________________H2SO4_______________________
Ca(NO3) 2______________________________________________
N2________________________ CaBr2______________________
(NH4) 2NO3____________________________________________