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Commerical Game and Fish Enterprises
OVERVIEW
INSTRUCTOR:
UNIT: Wildlife, Fisheries, and Ecology Management
LESSON: Commercial Game and Fish Enterprises
IMS REFERENCE: # 8987-C
TOPIC NOTES
Topic Goal:
The student shall be provided the opportunity to discover the business and career
opportunities available in the commercial game and fish industries in Texas.
Topic Objectives:
After completing the topic, the student will be able to:
1. discuss the fishing and shellfish industries as part of the Texas commercial
seafood industry;
2. explain the regulations governing commercial fishing and fish farming in Texas;
3. describe the meaning of aquaculture and its significance in the Texas economy;
4. understand the career opportunities available in today’s aquaculture industry;
5. discuss the fur trade and the commercial fur production industries and the
regulations governing them; and
6. describe the game and game bird ranching industries and their regulations.
______________ populations of wild fish and game are ___________________ due to
__________ ______________, _________________, and other human actions.
_____________ for wild game is ___________________. Although no longer necessary
for
________________,
___________________
the
game
demand
and
fish
is
now
______________________.
___________________
is
growing
in
___________ and throughout the _____________. Aquaculture is providing a
_____________ ______________ of the seafood demanded by the consumer. Game
management on many ranches not only allows a ______________ _____________ but
the
ability
to
hunt
_____________
______________
without
_______________________ _____________.
COMMERCIAL SEAFOOD INDUSTRY
The seafood industry is important to the ___________ ______________. There are
________ __________________________ of marine life that makeup the Texas
______________ industry. The ______________ ________________ includes all
_______ ______________ species of which ________________ leads in economic
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importance. The _________________ ________________ is any species ___________
than
______________.
This
includes
_____________,
___________,
and
______________.
The commercial ______________ ______________ is no longer the ___________
industry in Texas that it __________ ________. A ban on commercial harvest of spotted
________ ___________ and ________ __________ in __________ greatly reduced the
_____________ harvest of finfish. Prior to that date, wild populations were
______________ at an ________________ __________. ___________________ efforts
from three Texas marine hatcheries have ___________ in the ________________ of
these gamefish species.
The ________________ is harvested from gulf waters. It is the __________
________________ ______________ in the Gulf of Mexico. Even before the 1981 ban,
it was the _____________ ________ Texas ___________________ fish. Their value is in
the ________, __________, and ______________ ________________. Oil is used in
_____________, stains, and _________________. Fishmeal is high in ___________
___________. Soluble extracts are __________ in ______________ and used in
_________________ feeds.
_____________-__________ percent of the _________________ industry is made up of
_____________, __________ ___________, and ______________. ___________ and
__________
shrimp
are
the
most
________________
shrimp
species.
________________ ________________ regulates their ______________________.
Large boats ______________ in the gulf for _______ days to ________ ___________ at
a time. Smaller boats work the ________ _____________ ___________. Oysters are
_____________
______________
and
due
to
____________________
and
_________________ ___________________, the consumer can suffer ______________
or
even
___________
from
eating ________________
oysters.
__________,
___________, and ________ oysters can be taken is regulated.
__________ ___________ are harvested commercially and are the most _____________
_____________ crab along the __________ and __________ ___________. Only
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___________________ ______________ is limited to harvest from ___________ to
________________. For ________________ consumption, blue crab ______________ is
__________. A blue crab must measure __________ _____________ from spine tip to
spine tip. No ________ _____________ exist for recreational crabbing.
Commercial fishing is a ___________ ________________ in the business of
________________ _____________ aquatic products. Three licenses are necessary for
commercial fishing activities. Licenses are also needed for the following:

fish ___________;

___________________ commercial fishing;

_________________ commercial fishing;

_________________ fish dealer;

__________ dealer;

___________ or ______________; and

_____________ ___________ operator.
Individuals fishing, crabbing, or oystering for ___________ or ________________ use
are ________ ________________ to possess a ___________________ fisher’s license. A
_____________ license is a ____________________ for both ________________ and
______________________ residents.
AQUACULTURE
Aquaculture is its ________ ________________ and ________ part of the
______________ industry. It deals with any ______________ ___________ or
_____________. _________________ natural supplies, ________________ human
population, and _________________ provide the _____________ for growth in this
industry. Production can be in ___________ or in _______________________
______________. Ponds are generally no larger than _______ ___________. A
recirculating system uses the __________ ___________ with _________________
_________________ systems. ______________ and ________________ are two
___________________
aquaculture
crops.
The
list
of
culture
species
is
______________. Leading the production are __________ fish. These are species
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cultured for ___________ ____________________. These fish must ________ a
________________, ______________________ prepared feed. In addition to the leader,
______________
______________,
aquaculture
production
also
includes
_____________ ______________ bass, ________ __________, and ______________.
Sportfish make up ______________ ______________ of the aquaculture industry. Sports
fish species are made available for stocking in ______________ ___________ or
___________ at _________________ ______________. ________________ leads the
______________ in the next aquaculture industry, ________________. These are sold as
__________ for fishing or _____________ for sportfish resorts. Still another type of
production
is
in
the
___________________
and
________________
trade.
________________, ______________, and ______________ to pet stores make up this
___________ market. ______________ and ___________ are two ________________
being produced in aquaculture. ____________________ is another part of aquaculture. It
takes place in natural _________________ instead of ___________________. It uses
ponds build on land with ___________ pumped in from the __________ or __________.
______________________ is a sub-branch o mariculture. It uses ___________ in the
__________ or __________ to grow stock.
A person planning to produce an aquatic species ________ _______ required to obtain a
______________. ______________ species do need ______________ ______________.
___________________ with the following ________________ should ________ in
planning such a business venture.

___________ ___________ and ________________ Department (Texas only)

______________ ________________ ______________________ Service

___________ ___________________ on _______________________ Quality

_______________________ ___________________ Agency

__________ and __________ Administration
Permitting may also be required for the following:

___________ ________;

___________ _________________;

_____________ ______________;
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
_________________ the __________;

_________________ of ______________ or _________________;

________________ ________.
______________ plants are relatively ________ to the aquaculture industry.
_____________ ___________ have helped to establish this market. These plants add to
__________
and
________________
___________________.
________-
______________ is another business with a __________ _________________. It has
several ________________ to the customer. _______ ______________ is needed. A
person __________ only for what they ___________. They have the advantage of a
______________________ ________________ and the _________________ of the
___________.
___________ _____________ and ____________________ are a major concern to
________ ___________________. Owning the land _______ _____________ means
_____________ the ___________ under it. ____________________ ___________ from
production ponds is an _________________ ___________ as drawing water.
________________ and ___________________ must be followed.
FUR TRADE
The demand for fur lead to ________ ______________ in the late ___________.
__________ production began in the late ___________ and grew until the ___________.
By 1970, farm raised ___________ made up _______ ______________ of the ________
______________ pelts marketed each __________. Mink is not the only animal
___________________
for
its
__________.
_____________
pelts
vary
in
______________ and is a more _____________ furbearer. The ________ rabbit fur is a
_____________ fur used in _________________ garments. Its __________ quality is
_________________ as well. __________ rabbit breeds supply the rabbit wool market.
They are the ______________ Angora, _____________ Angora, ___________ Angora,
and the ___________ Angora.
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Commerical Game and Fish Enterprises
The __________ __________ ________ currently regulate _____________ __________.
_____________
have
jurisdiction
over
this
market.
Many
states
_______
______________ a ___________________ license.
GAME RANCHING
Game ranching involves both _____________ and _____________ species. Management
works to ______________ _____________ game animals. The ___________________ is
__________
but
the
______________
can
make
it
___________________
____________________. The __________ is the ______________ investment. An
___________________ high __________ ___________ is another __________
investment. Game ranchers work to manage native species of ________, __________,
________________,
______________
__________,
species,
________________
of
________________
and
they
the
and
_____________.
are
still
___________.
hunting
Although
_____________
A
and
______________
______________
are
in
these
are
considered
license
is
_____________.
______________ of animals _________________ is a ___________________ decision.
_____________ __________ do not have the __________ ___________________ as
_____________ game. Hunting clients _______ ________ need to ______________ a
___________ hunting license. Hunting these animals is an _________________ venture
but still __________ _________________ than traveling to ______________
______________ for the hunt.
With game ranching, the phrase “___________________ __________” is a
______________. Management makes __________ ______________ animals available.
The _____________ the ______________, the _____________ the ________ to harvest
the animal. _____________ growth is important to ______________ game animals. The
__________
_____________,
________________
in
the
diet,
and
quality
________________ all contribute to _____________ _____________. As with fee
fishing, you ________ __________ for what ________ ______________. The rule for
most game ranches is – _______ __________, _______ ________. Exotic hunting
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______________
the
___________________
species.
Certain
species
have
_____________ _____________ than _____________.
GAME BIRD RANCHING
Game birds are ______________________ fowl. This includes ________________,
___________, _________________, and _____________ species. Their production
reflects a _____________ in the _____________ market. Other markets ___________
for __________ birds besides restaurants. ______________ __________ markets
purchase
______________________
grown
game
birds.
______________
_________________ buy _____________ ___________ birds for ________________
during ______________ season. Some landowners buy commercially raised birds for
___________________ in the __________. Production time varies with the
______________ and the ________________ _____________. Production requirements
also __________ with each ______________.
RATITE RANCHING
Ratites are ___________ ___________________ birds. ______________, ________, and
__________ are the three species and all are ___________ animals. Ostrich is the
______________ and rhea is the ________________. In the __________, the birds were
hunted for their ________________. That market is not ___________ _____________
for ___________________ production. Cultured species are marketed for their
__________,
__________,
requirements
that
and
__________
________.
from
the
Each
other
have
___________________
________.
These
birds
are
________________ and can be very ___________________. One blow from their
________________ ________ can easily __________ a person.
ANIMAL RIGHTS
Two terms, “_____________ _____________” and “_____________ ______________”
seem ______________ but have _________________ ___________ of concern. They are
___________ put into the __________ group. An _____________ _____________
individual believes that ________ ______________ ___________ equal rights with
_____________. This person is typically a ___________________ but ________
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________ vegetarians are _____________ ________________. Animal activists practice
this ___________________ at _________________ levels. An _____________
______________ person accepts animals for their ___________ to _____________.
They support the __________ and ______________ treatment of ______________. They
support ______________ and _________________ animals and ____________________
of _________________ animals. They _____________ _________________ or
______________________ of animals used for __________.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Dr. Joe Dettling, Associate Professor, Instructional Materials Service,
Texas A&M University, researched and developed this topic.
Vickie Marriott, Office Software Associate, Instructional Materials Service,
Texas A&M University, prepared the layout and design for this topic.
Christine Stetter, Artist, Instructional Materials Service,
Texas A&M University, prepared the illustrations for this topic.
REFERENCES
“Agriculture Alternatives – Bobwhite Quail Production.” 1996. The Pennsylvania State
University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension.
“Agriculture Alternatives – Ostrich Production.” 1994. The Pennsylvania State
University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension.
“Agriculture Alternatives – Partridge Production.” 1998. The Pennsylvania State
University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension.
“Agriculture Alternatives – Pheasant Production.” 1996. The Pennsylvania State
University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension.
“Agriculture Alternatives – Rabbit Production.” 1994. The Pennsylvania State
University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension.
“Agriculture Alternatives – Rhea Production.” 1994. The Pennsylvania State University,
College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension.
“Anti-Fur Legislation.” Accessed May 31, 2002. [Online]. Available:
http://worldanimal.net/fur-legislation.html
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“Aquaculture in Hawaii: 1997 Outlook.” 2000. [Online]. Available:
http://www.aloha.com/~aquacult/2outlook.html
Aulerich, Richard J. 1998. “Michigan’s Fur Bearing Animal Industry.” Michigan State
University Extension, Ag Experiment Station Special Report. [Online]. Available:
http://www.msue.msu.edu/msue/imp/modsr/sr499201.html
Bolen, Eric G. and William L. Robinson. 1999. Wildlife Ecology and Management. NJ:
Prentice Hall.
Burton, DeVere. 1996. Ecology of Fish and Wildlife. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers.
“Game Birds.” Accessed May 31, 2002. [Online]. Available:
http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/aboutind/products/livestck/gamebird.htm
Lamar, Pat. “Animal Rights.” 1998. Professional Rabbit Meat Association. [Online].
Available: http://www.3-cities.com/~fuzyfarm/ara.htm
Lamar, Pat and Candy Haenszel. 1998. “Fur/Wool.” Professional Rabbit Meat
Association. [Online]. Available: http://www.3-cities.com/~fuzyfarm/Furwool.htm
Lamar, Pat. “The Pet Rabbit Market.” 1998. Professional Rabbit Meat Association.
[Online]. Available: http://www.3-cities.com/~fuzyfarm/Pet-rab.htm
McFarlane, Robert W. “Shrimp Fishing, Farming and the Future: Raising Profits or
Problems in Texas?” Accessed May 31, 2002. [Online]. Available:
http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/suscoasts/mcfarlane.htm
Parker, Rick. 2002. Aquaculture Science. Delmar Publishers, Albany.
Ramcharan, Charles, Ken Brown, Patrick Banks, Brian Lezina, Gary Peterson, and Mike
McDonough. 2001. “Coastal Food Webs: Novel methods to deter black drum
predation on oyster leases.” Louisiana State University, Department of Biological
Sciences: Baton Rouge.
“Ranching for Wildlife.” 2002. Dow Insider, Colorado Division of Wildlife: Denver.
[Online]. Available: http://wildlife.state.co.us/ranching/ranching.asp
Texas Parks & Wildlife Outdoor Annual Official Hunting & Fishing Regulations. 20012002. Texas Monthly Custom Publishing, Austin, TX.
Westendorf, Michael, and Bonnie Altizio. “Ostrich, Emu, and Rhea Production #FS886.”
Rutgers Cooperative Extension, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station:
New Brunswick.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
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Amino acids – An organic acid containing one or more amino groups, especially any of a
group that make up proteins and are important to living cells.
Angler – Any person using a hook and line to catch fish.
Barter – To trade.
Bog - An area of wet marshy ground, largely consisting of accumulated decomposing
plant material.
Catch – The collective species collected in a net or similar device.
Commercial – An activity conducted primarily for sale and profit.
Count – The number of shrimp needed to weigh one pound; count can be with heads on
or headed.
Culling – The act of removing an inferior thing from a larger group.
Drag – The act of pulling a net, seine, or trawl or similar device along the bottom of the
bay or gulf waters for the purpose of obtaining a catch.
Exotic – Non-native, non-indigenous.
Finfish – Any aquatic species with boney, winglike appendages, i.e., red drum, speckled
trout, bass.
Fisher – Any person catching or attempting to catch any species of marine life including
finfish, shellfish, or crustaceans.
Harden – Concentrating the catch by pulling more net away from the catch.
Heading – The term that refers to the removal of the head of the shrimp from the body.
Hybrid – A cross or mating between two similar but different species.
Pelt – Undressed skin of an animal with the wool, hair, or fur attached.
Pharmaceutical – Of or relating to medicines or drugs or the discovery of new drugs
through research and of synthesizing organic compounds of therapeutic value.
ppt – Parts per thousand.
Purse seiner – A boat used to net menhaden; named for the purse seine it uses to catch
most surface schooling fish species, i.e., sardines, anchovies.
Red tide – An organism capable of killing or contaminating a large number of marine
species; it is found in the Gulf of Mexico and gives a reddish appearance to the
water
Reseed – The term that refers to a species ability to propagate itself.
Salinity – The amount of salt; saltiness.
Trash fish – Unwanted species of aquatic life caught in a net with valued species.
Try net – A small net used to help locate shrimp concentrations; short drags using a try
net will alert the shrimper to catch prospects.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Reproduction prohibited without written permission.
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Texas A&M University
2588 TAMUS
College Station, Texas 77843-2588
http://www-ims.tamu.edu
2002
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