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Suicide and Depression
Rebecca Mataya
Clayton Johnson
Adam Bibbs
Why is suicide an important topic?
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Over the past 60 years, the overall rate of suicide
among 15-24 year olds has tripled, making it the
the third leading cause of death
Among college age students (18-24 years), it is the
second leading cause of death
The suicide rate peaks among young adults
One in 7 college students contemplate suicide, and
one in 12 students make a plan
Every 2 hours and 2.5 minutes, a person under the
age of 25 completes suicide
Suicide Statistics
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Among 20-24 year olds, for every female who
completes suicide, 6.2 males complete suicide
Firearms are the most commonly used method
accounting for about three out of five completed
suicides.
White suicide rates are approximately twice those of
non-whites
Risk of attempted(nonfatal) suicide is greatest among
females
Females have been found to make 3 to 4 times as many
attempts as males
8 out of 10 individuals who are suicidal often display
warning signs
Why do People Commit Suicide?
A suicide attempt is a clear indication that
something is gravely wrong in a person’s life. It is
true that most people who commit suicide have a
mental or emotional disorder.
People who kill themselves see this as the only
remaining solution to their problems. People differ
in their ability to handle the troubles that cause
such desperate feelings.
Some suicides are the result of impulsive
decisions based on a situation that seems hopeless
Reasons for suicide are not the actual causes of
suicide, rather they are triggers.
Warning Signs
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Emotional, behavioral, physical, and verbal
Verbal suicide threats
Expressions of hopelessness and helplessness
Previous suicide attempts
Risk-taking behavior
Personality changes
Aggressive behavior or frequent expressions of rage
Withdrawal from friends, family, and regular activities
Unusual neglect of personal appearance
Presence of a psychiatric disorder or a mental health
condition
Types of Depression
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Major Depression- most serious type, do not fell suicidal,
don’t have a history of hospitalizations
Dysthymic- low moderate level of depression, persists for
2 years and often longer, symptoms not severe as major
depression
Unspecified- this includes people chronic, moderate
depression, which has not been present long enough to
diagnosis of a Dysthymic disorder
Adjustment disorder, with Depression- this occurs in
response to a major life stressor or crisis
Bipolar Depression- includes both high and low mood
swings, also a variety of other significant symptoms not
present in other depressions
Clinical Depression
Symptoms
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Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood
Sleeping to little or sleeping to much
Reduced appetite and weight loss, or increase appetite and
weight gain
Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
Restlessness or irritability
Persistent physical symptoms that don’t respond to
treatment{ such as headaches, chronic pain, or constipation
and other disorders}
Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making
decisions
Cont’d symptoms
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Fatigue or loss energy
 Feeling guilty, hopeless or worthless
 Thoughts of death or suicide
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Clinical depression is one of most treatable of all
medical illnesses. In fact, more than 80 percent of
people with depression can be treated successfully
with medication, psychotherapy or a combination
of both.
The National Center for Injury
Prevention and Control’s 8
Suicide Prevention Strategies
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School Gatekeeper Training
Community Gatekeeper Training
General Suicide Education
Screening Programs
Peer Support Programs
Crisis Centers and Hotlines
Restriction of Access to Lethal Means
Intervention After a Suicide
Recommendations for Suicide
Programs
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Ensure that suicide prevention programs are linked as closely as
possible with professional mental health resources in the
community.
Avoid reliance on one prevention strategy.
Incorporate promising, but underused, strategies into current
programs where ever possible.
Expand suicide prevention efforts for young adults.
Incorporate evaluation efforts into suicide prevention programs.
( The effectiveness of suicide prevention programs has not been
demonstrated. The lack of evaluation research is the single greatest
obstacle to improving current efforts to prevent suicide among
adolescents and young adults. Without evidence to support the
potential of a program for reducing suicidal behavior,
recommending one approach over another for any given population
is difficult.)
Treatments for Suicide
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Hospitalization
 Treatment at Home
 Antidepressants
 “Therapeutic contract for safety
 Anti-anxiety and anti-psychotic agents
Someone you know…
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Stigma associated with depressive illnesses can prevent people from
getting help. Your willingness to talk about depression and suicide
with a friend, family member, or co-worker can be the first step in
getting help and preventing suicide.
Never keep a plan for suicide a secret
Don’t try to minimize problems or shame a person into changing their
mind.
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Where to get help
Brainerd - St. Joseph’s Medical Center, 523 N. 3rd St.;
Mary Stegora 218-829-2561
4th Thursday each month, 7:00-8:30 p.m.
Burnsville - Mary Mother of the Church, 3333 Cliff Rd., Rm. 12
Toni Wetzel 952-890-0122
2nd Tuesday of each month, 7:00-8:30 p.m.
Coon - Rapids Mercy Hospital, 4050 Coon Rapids Blvd.;
Gail Noller 763-785-8111, ext. 10
Mondays, 7-9:00 p.m.
Duluth - St. Mary’s Medical Center, 407 E. 3rd St.;
Ben Wolfe, Jane Hovland or Mary Alice Carlson 217-786-4402
3rd Monday each month, 7:30-9:00 p.m.
Edina - Men’s Breakfast Group @ Pearson’s Restaurant, 3808 W. 50th St., Edina;
Larry Turner 612-922-5830, Don Sandberg 763-544-7315
2nd Saturday each month, 8:30 a.m.
Golden Valley Oak Grove Church, 5920 Golden Valley Road;
Mary Sodergren 763-682-9073, Bev Chipman 763-323-3178
1st & 3rd Tuesday each month, 7:00-8:30 p.m.
Mankato - Immanual St. Joseph’s-Mayo Health System, 360 Pierce Plaza, Rm. 372
Tom or Marilyn Tiggelaar 507-387-6370
2nd & 4th Tuesday each month, 7:00 p.m.
Where to get help
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Minneapolis - Lutheran Church of Christ the Redeemer, 5440 Penn Ave. S.,
Larry Turner 612-922-5830, JoAnne Dunstan 952-944-2478, Faye Bland
2nd & 4th Tuesday each month, 7:00-9:00 p.m.
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New Prague - The Catholic Workman Building, 1201 1st St. NE
Sally Schmid 952-758-4735
4th Tuesday each month, 7:00 p.m.
 Princeton - Fairview Northland Hospital, 919 Northland Dr.
Lisa Dentz 320-493-8518
Every Monday, 7:00-8:30 p.m.
 Rochester Evangel United Methodist Church, 2645 N. Broadway, Rm. 221
Nancy Clarey 507-281-5588, Cally Vinz 507-287-8267
3rd Thursday each month, 7:00 p.m.
 Sauk Rapids - Suicide Loss Support Group, 201 2nd Ave. N.
Roxann Storms 320-529-0427
2nd & 4th Tuesday each month, 7:00-8:30 p.m.
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Center for Grief - 1133 Grand Ave., St. Paul - 651-641-0177;
Grief therapy for individuals and families and consultation and critical incident
response for schools, organizations and businesses.
Group Discussion
Questions
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Why do men commit suicide more often than women
do?
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Is suicide related to impulsiveness?
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Is there such things as “rational” suicide?
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How does depression increase the risk for suicide?
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Is it possible to predict suicide?
Precede/Proceed
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Assignment
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Write a 2-3 page paper applying this model to a
suicide intervention in the St. Peter area. Include all
the stages in detail.