* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ns Vs As and Suffixes
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Compound (linguistics) wikipedia , lookup
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Comparison (grammar) wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic nouns and adjectives wikipedia , lookup
Romanian nouns wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives and Their Suffixes Have students come up with at least three words each (working in groups) using each of the following suffixes. Then have them determine the part of speech of the root (the word before the suffix attaches) and the resulting word. -ance -ity -ness -en -ify -ion -ive -ize -ful -able -al -ish -er (as in avoidance) (as in fluidity) (as in kindness) (as in sweeten) (as in clarify) (as in invention) (as in active) (as in crystallize) (as in truthful) (as in fixable) (as in fictional) (as in childish) (as in speaker) So one thing to be gained from this exploration is that we attach suffixes appropriately to the right kind of stem, thus revealing our unconscious knowledge of these categories. It’s important to emphasize that we already know all of this. A second thing to take away is what those category labels are: nouns, verbs, and adjectives. They will come up with lots of good words, but if they’re having a hard time coming up with examples on the fly of words with the various suffixes, you can use some search tool like Word Searcher which will find all words with “ity”, for example, at the end. Then the task will be to discover which of those actually have a suffix and which don’t (words like city) or http://www.neilramsden.co.uk/spelling/searcher/ Ultimately, they should discover this: -ance attaches to verbs to make nouns -ity attaches to adjectives to make nouns -ness attaches to adjectives to make nouns -en attaches to verbs to make adjectives -ify attaches to adjectives to make verbs -(t/s)ion attaches to verbs to make nouns -ive attaches to verbs to make adjectives -ize attaches to nouns to make verbs -ful attaches to nouns to make adjectives -able attaches to verbs to make adjectives -al attaches to nouns to make adjectives -ish -er attaches to nouns to make adjectives attaches to verbs to make nouns Some things to be prepared for: - Students may come up with examples that are not stand-alone words in English, but are bound roots; that is, they must attach to another affix. Examples: hilarity, identity. - They might come up with examples of words with more than one suffix: unavoidability. - They will have to deal with spelling changes, which can sometimes obscure the root word: futurity, festivity. - They might wonder why certain suffixes attach rather than others. Why, for example, are there these three suffixes which all attach to nouns to make adjectives: -ful , -able, -al, -ish ? (And the answer to this is not straightforward. It has to do with phonological patterns, stress patterns, language of origin, among other factors. - They might not get the part of speech label right. Instead of giving it to them, have them use the word in a sentence to get some other clues about how it’s functioning. See some quick tests below. Quick Tests for Adjectives: occur with seems, follow very. Adjective Frame: She seems _________. The [noun] is very ________. If it works, it’s an adjective! Quick Tests for Nouns: can take a determiner, can be pluralized Noun Frame: Can take a determiner: the _______ Can be pluralized _____s Quick Test for Verbs: can be tensed Verb Frame: She ______ed yesterday.