Download What elements make up living things?

Notes – Living and Non Living Things
Is it
• An organism is an individual form of life.
Alive?
• Biologists often use five basic rules to
classify something as living or nonliving:
1. respond to environment
2. use energy
3. reproduce
4. grow and develop
5. made of cells
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
Characteristics of Living Things
1. All living things respond to a stimulus. The sunlight is a stimulus
and the frog’s choice to sun himself is called a response.
2. All living things take materials from their surroundings such as
food, water, and gases and use these materials to get energy.
3. Growth refers to an increase in mass and to an increase in number
of cells.
4. The process of making more of the same kind of organism is
called reproduction.
5. A cell is the smallest unit of a living thing.
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
What is
A living system is:
a Living • organized to use matter and
System?
energy to move, grow, and
survive.
• made of many different molecules
– Molecules store energy, control
life functions, and hold
reproductive information
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
• Living systems—like you—contain
What is
many levels of organization.
a Living
System?
– A cell is the basic unit of a living system.
– A group of specialized cells that performs
a particular function is called a tissue.
– An organ is a group of tissues that works
together to carry out a set of functions.
– A group of organs that works together to
perform a set of functions is called an
organ system.
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
• Your body is mostly three
What
elements: carbon,
elements
oxygen, and hydrogen.
make up
living
things?
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
• Life as we know it is
How is
carbon based
carbon
important?
• A carbon atom can form
chemical bonds with
other
carbon atoms
in long chains
or rings
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
What
is an
atom?
• A single atom is the smallest
particle of an element that keeps
the chemical identity of the
element.
• Each element has a unique type
of atom.
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
• A molecule is a group of
What are
two or more atoms joined
molecules
together chemically.
and
compounds? • A compound has only one
type of molecule in it.
A molecule
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
What are • A mixture is a combination
mixtures?
of different elements and/or
compounds.
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
•
Why is
water so
important?
•
Liquid water is used to transport
molecules where they need to go,
inside and outside of cells.
Water’s properties make it a
valuable substance for life.
1. It is a good solvent. (dissolver)
2. It has a wide range of
temperatures.
3. It has a high specific heat (the
amount of heat needed to raise 1
ml of water by 1 degree)
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
What
elements
make up
the Earth?
• Almost 99% of the minerals making up
the Earth’s crust are made up of just
eight elements.
• Most of these elements are found
combined with other elements as
compounds.
• Minerals are elements or compounds
that occur naturally in the Earth’s crust.
Rocks are mixtures formed of minerals.
• Just as elements are the building blocks
of minerals, so minerals form the
building blocks of rocks.
Notes – Living and Non Living Things
Element name
Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminium
Iron
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
All other elements
Symbol % of Earth’s crust
O
47
Si
28
Al
8
Fe
5
Ca
3.5
Na
3
K
2.5
Mg
2
1