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Earth Science Volcano Review Name: _______________________________________ Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper in complete sentences 1. Why does magma in the mantle rise through the crust above it? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. As magma rises toward the surface, what happens to the gases in it? Why? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Contrast the silica content of magma in quiet and explosive eruptions. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How does an explosive eruption produce pyroclastic flow? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Identify two hazards of a quiet volcanic eruption. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Describe the stages of volcanic activity. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Label the parts of the volcano Pegmatites Can you imagine a mineral crystal as big as a truck? Such crystals do exist. They sometimes are found in pegmatites, which are a type of mineral deposit. Pegmatites form from low-viscosity, watery magma. Viscosity refers to a fluid’s resistance to flow. High-viscosity magma is thick and flows slowly. Low-viscosity magma is thin and flows more quickly. As magma cools and starts to harden beneath Earth’s surface, the magma that’s left becomes more and more watery. This extra water lowers the viscosity of the magma, which makes it more fluid. In some cases, the last magma to harden can have a large amount of water in it. In the more watery magma, atoms are able to move long distances. These atoms become concentrated in the water magma and combine to form large crystals. Some of these large crystals found in pegmatites include gems and rare elements. Location Some Important Pegmatites in the United States Characteristic Black Hills, South Dakota Contains crystals more than 10 m long Petaca, New Mexico Contains the mineral uraninite, an ore of uranium Oxford County, Maine Deposit is mined to obtain lithium, a rare mineral Kings Mountain, North Carolina Includes gem-quality minerals, such as aquamarine 1. What effect does water have on the viscosity of magma? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do the crystals in pegmatites form? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. According to the table, which pegmatite in the United States contains uranium ore? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which pegmatite has a lot of aquamarine, a valuable gem? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why are pegmatites important to society? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ a.) Using a highlighter, highlight the ring of fire b.) What countries are involved in the ring of fire? c.) What plates are involved in the ring of fire? d.) At what type of boundary do most volcanoes occur? e.) Where can you find some volcanoes on the map that occur at other boundaries, what type of a boundary is this? f.) What is and island arc? Give me an example of an island arc. What specific type of convergent boundary forms these landforms? g.) What boundary leads to the formation Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier?
