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VERTEBRAL COLUMN THORACIC VERTEBRAE (Human Osteology) Typical • T2-R8 (T Coetzee) • Body – – – – Heart shaped Demi-facets for heads of the ribs Superior costal facet-for lower facet of head of same no rib Inferior costal facet-for upper facet of head of succeeding rib • Vertebral foramina – Are the smallest in entire v/c Typical • Pedicles – Flattened from side to side • Inferior vertebral notch – Deeper than superior notch • Laminae – Short, broad, imbricated (overlap) • Spinous processes – Long, slopes inferiorly Typical • Transverse processes – Rounded extremities – Ant=small round costal facet for tubercle of same no rib – Superior facet-directed posteriorly – Inferior facet-directed inferiorly Atypical • T1,9,10,11,12 (T Coetzee) • • • • T1 Whole facets sup: for head of R1 Demi-facets inf: for upper facet of R2 Rest is typical • T9 • Typical except for: • Has a large demi-facet on the upper part of its body for R9 Atypical • • • • T10,11,12 Whole facets on each side of the body & pedicles for the same no rib T10 also has a facet on its transverse process for the tubercles of R10 T11,T12 have no facets on transverse processes – Have sup, inf & lateral tubercles corresponding to the mamillary, accessory transverse procecesses of the lumbar vertebrae. • T11 compared to T12 • T11 inferior articular process is thoracic and points inferiorly • T12 inferior articular process is lumbar in appearance VERTEBRAL COLUMN LUMBAR VERTEBRAE (Human Osteology) Typical • L1-4 (T Coetzee) • Body – Largest in v/c – Kidney shaped – Wider side to side • Vertebral foramina – Intermediate size i.e betw cx & tx Typical • Pedicles – Flattened from sup to inf • Inferior vertebral notch – Not equal compared to thoracic • Laminae – Short, do not overlap • Spinous processes – Massive, do not overlap Typical • Transverse processes – Flattened – Accessory process – Mamillary process ATypical • L5 (T Coetzee) – Deeper in front coinciding with the sacral angle – Characteristic feature: wide separation of the inferior articular processes to articulate with the sacrum • Transverse process – Short – Pyramidal • Spinous process – Small – Rounded
