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Practice EOC Test 1. Mr. Simpson has decided to start a new company to produce bobble-head dolls. He has hired a contractor to build his factory and a manager to run the company for him. Mr. Simpson PRIMARILY represents which factor of production? A) capital B) entrepreneurship C) labor D) land 2. Which type of cost occurs when an individual pays for a piano lesson instead of going to a movie? A) fixed cost B) marginal cost C) residual cost D) opportunity cost Government Attempts to Regulate Technology by Stephen J. Bigelow "One of the key roles of government is to form policies and regulate activities that improve the health and welfare of everyday citizens or protect citizens from harm. Because technology plays such a critical role in our lives, it's no surprise that governments also seek to place controls and regulations on technologies, as well. Most regulatory efforts have either resulted in undesired side effects or have proven impractical because they are impossible to enforce...In general, small and medium-sized enterprises are disproportionately hit by the cost of regulatory compliance." - Processor Magazine, November 12, 2004 3. Which of these BEST summarizes the opinion of the author regarding regulatory activities of the government? A) Most types of government regulations result in harm to consumers. B) Regulatory measures often have results contrary to the original intention. C) Small technology enterprises bear less of the costs of regulatory compliance. D) Government effectively monitors regulatory compliance of the technology industry. 4. Gary just finished the first year of running of his own business, "Gary's Sharp Sneakers." The business brought in $33,000. To figure out how much profit he made, Gary created this graph. After paying for the costs of running this business, how much profit did Gary make during his first year of business? A) $10,000. B) $4,500. C) $7,000. D) $9,500. 5. Which of these is a reason why many Americans are non-voters? A) people must own property to vote B) many voters do not pay their taxes C) many feel that their votes do not count D) illiteracy rates are high in the United States 6. The cities of New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia began to flourish in the late 17th century because of what economic activity? A) trading B) slavery C) rice farming D) tobacco farming 7. Jan is risk-averse, but wants to earn the best rate of return in less than two years. Which investment would MOST LIKELY meet Jan's need? A) Savings Accounts B) Bond-Based Mutual Funds C) Certificates of Deposit D) Stock-Based Mutual Funds McCollum v. Board of Education District (1948) Engel v. Vitalte (1962) Abington School District v. Schempp (1963) 8) These Supreme Court cases following World War II all showed that A) "Freedom of speech" was not absolute. B) Gun ownership would be put in jeopardy. C) The "separation of church and state" was being more strictly interpreted than in decades past. D) Racial equality would not be possible until Congress passed better laws to combat discrimination. 9) The Congress may pass laws and they go into effect if the President signs the law. However, the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional. This is an example of A) supremacy B) veto power C) federalism D) checks and balances 10) A country which can be described as "developing" MOST likely has this kind of economic system? A) mixed B) traditional C) command D) market 11) Which statement describes the relationship between counties and the state? A) The state government carries out county ordinances. B) County ordinances are the most powerful laws in the state. C) County governments carry out ordinances and certain state policies. D) The state government generates most of its revenue from the counties. 12) The “Three Strikes” policy refers to a situation in which A) unions cannot order strikes more than twice in a three year period. B) after a bill fails to pass Congress twice it can never be considered again. C) when a person goes to jail for the third time he/she will receive a life sentence. D) mandatory sentencing is required when a person has been convicted of a felony three times. 13) This branch of government is responsible for carrying out the laws. A) executive B) judicial C) legislative D) police 14) In the United States, which action is an example of an economic freedom? A) paying taxes B) attending school C) registering to vote D) starting a business 15) Which statement describes one advantage of a market economy? A) Nonproductive resources are rewarded. B) The government owns the productive resources. C) A high degree of individual freedom is offered. D) A large bureaucracy is required to make economic decisions. 16) Using the above graph, from the results of the 2000 Presidential election, which of the following is true? A) More individual voters cast their vote for Bush. B) More individual voters cast their vote for Gore. C) More individual voters cast their vote for Nader. D) More individual voters cast their vote for minor candidates. 17) Which statement is a PRIMARY characteristic of a capitalist system? A) graduated income tax B) private ownership of property C) equal distribution of resources D) governmental regulation of business 18) The economic activities of the English colonies during the 17th-18th centuries could be described as A) industrial in the south and agricultural in the north. B) agricultural in the south, industrial in the north. C) agricultural in both north and south. D) industrial in both north and south. 19) This cartoon was published in 1788. The identified columns represent A) States which refused to ratify the Constitution. B) Confederate states C) British Colonies in America. D) States which ratified the Constitution. 20) In a weak economy, the sale of lands for development may experience a slowdown. What is the MOST LIKELY reason this might happen? A) Land owners want very high prices for the land. B) Buyers will not buy land unless it is very cheap. C) Prospective buyers may find it difficult to get financing. D) Private financial institutions try to stop the sale of lands. 21) One of the major philosophical principles in the Declaration of Independence was that of A) natural rights. B) freedom of speech. C) abolition of slavery. D) separation of powers. 22) The Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina has all of the following responsibilities EXCEPT A) to be the President of the Senate. B) take over for the Governor if necessary. C) to serve on the Council of State. D) cast tie-breaking votes in the Supreme Court. 23) Who has the primary responsibility to inform citizens of national government regulations? A) executive departments and agencies B) senators and representatives C) special interest groups D) the federal courts 24) Which statement BEST explains the lack of political participation by American Indians in the United States during the Federalist period (1788-1812)? A) American Indians were denied United States citizenship. B) American Indians refused to vote due to issues of land ownership. C) American Indians did not believe they were affected by U.S.government decisions. D) American Indians did not support the U.S.'s desire to expand west of the Mississippi River. 25) Which of these is the BEST title for this chart? A) Requirements for a Democracy B) Goals for Government in America C) Challenges to a Two-Party System D) Barrier to Third Party Candidates 26) In a command economy, how are the prices of goods and services determined? A) business owners B) the central government C) market forces of supply and demand D) independent agencies and independent regulators 27) The person most known for contributing to the final form of the Constitution was A) James Madison. B) George Washington. C) Benjamin Franklin. D) Alexander Hamilton. 28) What branch of the Department of Justice was formed during the Theodore Roosevelt administration and primarily investigates federal crimes in the U.S.? A) Homeland Security B) Federal Bureau of Investigation C) Drug Enforcement Administration D) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives 29) If Senator Smith wants to delay voting on a controversial or otherwise objectionable bill, they may A) veto the bill. B) start a filibuster. C) demand a cloture vote. D) defer it to a joint committee. 30) The chief purpose of Congressional committees is to A) draft legislation for consideration by the full Congress. B) act as a group to which the President can direct his lobbying effort. C) provide a place for lobbyists and special interest groups to get support. D) hold hearings so that bills can be evaluated and studied prior to voting. 31) What executive department is responsible for impartially enforcing the law for all Americans? A) State Department B) Department of Defense C) Department of Justice D) Federal Bureau of Investigation “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” - Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution 32) This amendment was created primarily for the purpose of A) punishing southern states. B) avoiding another Civil War. C) granting former slaves suffrage. D) granting women the right to vote. 33) In the 2000 Presidential election, there was much confusion with the ballot tallying in Florida. However, there might have also been a change if the results in the state of Alabama were different. What would have happened if the Electoral Votes from Alabama had gone to the other candidate? A) Bush would have been elected President. C) Nader would have been elected President. B) Gore would have been elected President. D) There would be no difference in the overall results. 34) Which of the following is MOST LIKELY a result of HUD apartment rent controls? A) a shortage of apartments B) increased mobility of workers C) a dramatic increase in rental rates D) an increase in the supply of available apartments 35) Which relationship BEST illustrates a comparison of absolute advantage and comparative advantage? A) A country with an absolute advantage will always have a comparative advantage in producing products. B) A country with a comparative advantage can produce a greater output of a product than a country with an absolute advantage. C) A country with an absolute advantage can produce a product at a lower opportunity cost than a country with a comparative advantage in producing all products. D) A country with a comparative advantage can produce a product at a lower opportunity cost, even if another country has an absolute advantage in the production of all goods. 36) One reason why the Constitution was adopted over the Articles of Confederation was A) the Articles gave too much power to the national government. B) the states were not free to trade among themselves under the Articles. C) small states were underrepresented under the Articles of Confederation. D) Shay’s Rebellion revealed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. 37) This department was created in 1971 and is responsible for maintaining the Division of State Historic Sites, the State Archives, and the North Carolina Museum of History. A) Commerce B) Cultural Resources C) Public Instruction D) Revenue 38) In the United States, most state courts have A) original jurisdiction. B) appellate jurisdiction. C) exclusive jurisdiction. D) concurrent jurisdiction. 39) The higher a country’s economic development, the A) lower the life expectancy. B) higher the urban population. C) lower the infant mortality rate. D) higher the population growth rate. 40) A person committed a federal crime and is awaiting trial. In which court will the trial be held? A) a state trial court B) a U.S. district court C) a state supreme court D) a U.S. appellate court 41) Each of these positions is a member of the Council of State in North Carolina EXCEPT the A) Attorney General. B) Secretary of State. C) Commissioner of Insurance. D) Secretary of Transportation. 42) Which statement reflects an accurate argument in favor of a command economy? A) It can change quickly to fulfill economic needs. B) It serves individual needs through profit motive. C) It maximizes the potential of a business cycle. D) It ensures an increases aggregate wealth. 43) For many Americans, the problems inherent in disaster management were clearly demonstrated by FEMA’s 2005 response to A) global warming. B) the 9/11 Attacks. C) the War on Terror. D) Hurricane Katrina. 44) Members of the U.S. Congress receive a number of benefits. Which benefit makes it easier for members of Congress to keep their constituents informed? A) the right to sponsor pork-barrel projects B) the ability to pigeonhole a bill in committee C) the right to legal protection in certain situations D) the ability to send job-related mail without paying postage 45) Third parties have MOST often contributed to US politics in our two-party system by A) causing major parties to adopt their ideas. B) placing their presidential candidates on the ballot. C) providing more candidates from which a voter can choose. D) throwing presidential elections into the House of Representatives. 46) The 14th Amendment of the Constitution accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT A) allowing for fair and speedy trials. B) defining citizenship in the United States. C) defining the rules of representation in the House of Representatives. D) extending the ‘equal protection clause’ of the Constitution to the states. 47) Which of the following is NOT allowed in a command economy? A) minimum wage B) environmental controls C) ownership of corporate stock D) government regulation of the economy 48) Before a person can stand trial, he or she must be indicted. This duty is left up to whom? A) a bailiff B) a grand jury C) a petit jury D) an appellate judge 49) When citizens cast votes for President in November, they are participating in a A) Primary Election. B) General Election. C) Midterm Election. D) Special Election. 50) In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court ruled that the national bank was constitutional even though the Constitution did not specifically grant Congress the power to establish a bank. Which statement BEST describes the significance of this ruling? A) The use of the implied powers was upheld. B) The Supreme Court used judicial review. C) Congress could only use expressed powers. D) The national bank was found unconstitutional. 51) Which of these would deter inflation? A) a decrease in interest rates C) an increase in consumer spending B) an increase in economic growth D) an increase in interest rates 52) A “lobbyist” is BEST described as one who A) puts pressure on lawmakers, attempting to affect public policy. B) uses the media to gives the public information a specific topic. C) uses the media to craft a good public image for an interest group. D) attempts to influence the policies of labor unions and professional associations. 53) Mr. Stevens owns a building in downtown Bentonville. He has considered opening a sporting goods store in the building but has also been approached by someone who would like to rent the space to open a gym. If Mr. Stevens decides to open his sporting goods store, what is the opportunity cost of this decision? A) the property tax he would pay on the building B) the opportunity he has to run his own business C) the income he would receive as rent from the tenant D) the profits he would make from his sporting goods store 54) In what situation would union representatives and management representatives seek mediation? A) when they are able to negotiate a contract B) when the collective bargaining process was successful C) when they want a third party to make the decision for them D) when both sides agree on the working conditions and benefits 55) Workers concentrating their efforts on a limited number of tasks, thereby increasing productivity is called A) entrepreneurship. B) homogenization. C) sequestration. D) specialization. 56) The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia was intended to A) free slaves from oppression. B) give all people voting rights. C) let all people know all the laws. D) allow commoners to have more rights. 57) The Federalist Papers were written to encourage A) the adoption of the Bill of Rights. B) the ratification of the Constitution. C) delegates in Philadelphia to write a new constitution. D) states to send delegates to the Philadelphia Convention. 58) Political parties and interest groups use propaganda techniques to influence citizens. Which statement is an example of "the bandwagon" technique? A) "My opponent is soft on crime." B) "My father was a hardworking man." C) "We believe in freedom and justice." D) "Ninety percent surveyed support the issue." 59) Overall levels of income, employment, and prices are determined by the spending and production decisions of all of the following EXCEPT A) households. B) businesses. C) net exports. D) net imports. 60) Tax rates in which the percentage of tax is the same regardless of the level of income is MOST LIKELY a A) regressive tax. B) progressive tax. C) value-added tax. D) proportional tax. 61) The BEST example of a regressive tax in the United States is A) corporation tax. B) the state income tax. C) the federal personal income tax. D) the local excise tax on gasoline. 62) Which of these is LEAST LIKELY to determine credit worthiness? A) payment history B) length of employment C) personal health history D) personal educational background 63) According to the United States Constitution, which of these positions can NOT be impeached by the House of Representatives? A) a federal judge B) United States President C) the Governor of Alabama D) a Senator from Wisconsin 64) If a drug company is granted a patent on a new medication, which result is possible? A) a monopoly in the production of that medication B) government control of that drug C) a price ceiling D) perfect competition in the market for that drug 65) A student can participate in civic life by volunteering in the community. Community volunteering is an example of which type of civic action? A) duty B) obligation C) responsibility D) right 66) If a person wanted to volunteer their time for a major, non-governmental organization, which might he or she choose? A) AmeriCorps B) Peace Corps C) Senior Corps D) Teach for America 67) The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy was unique in North America because it A) focused solely on the customs of the Mohawk Indians. B) was the last time Indians united across tribal lines. C) represented the first documented proof that Indians were trying to drive out Europeans. D) covered nearly all aspects of Indian life, including government, religious ceremonies, and death. 68) The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution because A) Federalists forced the Anti-Federalists to add them to protect the rights of minorities. B) it was necessary to maintain trade relations with foreign countries. C) Anti-federalists wanted citizens to have guarantees of protection from government tyranny. D) the New Jersey Plan mandated it. 69) In the business cycle model, a recession is MOST LIKELY A) a turnaround point where the real GDP stops going up. B) a turnaround point where the real GDP stops going down. C) a period during which the real GDP increases for two quarters in a row. D) a period during which the real GDP decreases for two quarters in a row. 70) Even though citizens have specific rights which the government may not take away, these rights may have certain limits. Which of these might be an example of these limits? A) Printing an ad that falsely accuses the mayor of being "a crook." B) Making a contribution to a group that calls for civil disobedience to the war. C) Joining in a demonstration to picket the legislature over a bill under consideration. D) Writing a letter to the editor calling the mayor a "hack" and "an embarrassment to the city." 71) Which of the following is NOT deemed a deterrent to committing crimes? A) the death penalty B) community service C) “Three Strikes” laws D) mandatory sentencing 72) Which of the following is NOT considered a command aspect of the US economy? A) minimum wage B) environmental controls C) ownership of corporate stock D) government regulation of the economy 73) Jorge and Fred have a product they would like to sell. They decide to share the risks and profits by forming an unincorporated business. The business organization Jorge and Fred have MOST LIKELY formed is a(n) A) partnership. B) corporation. C) entrepreneurship. D) sole proprietorship. 74) How many county governments are there In North Carolina? A) 25 B) 50 C) 75 D) 100 75) The burning of an American flag has been interpreted by the United States Supreme Court as being A) an issue better left for state courts. B) a violation of U.S. constitutional law. C) Constitutionally protected symbolic speech. D) an act of symbolic speech NOT constitutionally protected. 76) One advantage of a market economy is its ability to A) limit consumer choices. B) control the price of labor. C) sell goods at a high price. D) adjust to changes in consumer tastes and needs. 77) The ruling in this Supreme Court case that would have been supported by N.O.W is A) Roe v. Wade B) Scott v. Sanford C) Marbury v. Madison D) McCulloch v. Maryland 78) Which statement is an accurate comparison of political parties and the mass media? A) They both can act as government watchdogs. B) Neither has an impact on shaping public policy. C) The mass media cannot influence public opinion while political parties can. D) The primary purpose of political parties and the mass media is to campaign. 79) The powers of the Congress are described in the Constitution can be found in A) the Preamble B) Article I. C) the Declaration of Rights. D) the Bill of Rights. 80) While demand is based on consumer purchases, supply is MOST LIKELY based on A) producers offering a wide range of prices. B) consumer confidence in a complementary product. C) the willingness of producers to supply a product. D) the willingness to consumers to purchase a product. 81) The task carried out by the MAJORITY of Secret Service agents is A) investigating violent crimes. B) spying on suspected terrorists. C) serving as a body guard for the President. D) protecting the US from counterfeit currency. 82) What consumer behavior is the Federal Reserve Board trying to encourage when it implements a loose monetary policy? A) increased saving and spending B) decreased saving and increased spending C) increased saving and reduced spending D) decreased saving and spending 83) Amendments Four through Eight deal with rights of A) women. B) slaves. C) the accused. D) personal expression. 84) When this was published in early 1776, many American colonists became convinced that they should act to form a new kind of nation independent from the rule of Britain’s "cruel" courts. A) Common Sense B) The Wealth of Nations C) The Declaration of Independence D) Declaration of the Rights of Man 85) Criminal law is BEST described as laws that A) come straight from monarchs. B) only affect those in prison. C) governs the relationships between citizen individuals and codifies their rights. D) defines what constitutes a crime and provides for punishing those who commit crimes. 86) Which one of the following descriptions best describes “horizontal integration”? A) the economic development of the American west B) a company acquires competing businesses and merges them into a single entity C) when the government lets businesses operate without restrictions D) a company owns all the businesses that supply it with raw goods 87) Which federal government agency is responsible for administering the federal Clean Air Act? A) Department of Justice B) Department of Interior C) State Pesticide Control Agency D) Environmental Protection Agency "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.-That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." - The Declaration of Independence 88) This quote from the Declaration of Independence is referring to the principle of A) federalism. B) limited government. C) checks and balances. D) one person, one vote. 89) A bureaucrat would best be described as a person who A) tries to influence government policy. B) works in an agency of the executive branch. C) serves on the staff of a member of Congress. D) represents defendants who cannot afford lawyers. 90) In a civil case, the party that files suit against another person is called the A) client. B) defendant. C) plaintiff. D) prosecution. 91) An opportunity cost is A) usually absent in a command economy. B) when goods are recycled into other goods. C) the next-best alternative you give up in order to do something else. D) is only an issue when there is not a scarcity of goods and resources. 92) The Supreme Court case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) dealt with what issue? A) affirmative action B) bussing in public schools C) flag desecration D) grade fraud 93) Economics is divided into microeconomics and macroeconomics. What is included in the study of microeconomics? A) the interaction of many different markets B) the issues surrounding the labor force C) people and businesses within a single market D) the strengths and weaknesses of different economic systems 94) Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ordered bussing in public schools to end racial segregation? A) The State of Texas v. Johnson (1989) B) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) C) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) D) Swann v. Board of Education of Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina (1971) 95) If the President objects to a bill, they will A) veto the bill. B) start a filibuster. C) demand a cloture vote. D) defer it to a joint committee. 96) If an adult has to report to court for a traffic case, his or her case would MOST LIKELY be held in A) State Court. B) Probate Court. C) Superior Court. D) Appellate Court. 97) In North Carolina, the Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Attorney General, and three other department leaders get their jobs by A) political patronage. B) election of the citizens. C) appointment by the Governor. D) appointment by the state Senate. 98) Nations, governments, corporations, and individuals are reassessing their use of two natural resources that are expected to one day be depleted. These are fossil fuels and A) trees. B) stone. C) metals. D) water. 99) Which of the following pairs is an example of complementary products? A) DVDs and VHS tapes B) butter and margarine C) sneakers and sandals D) hot dogs and hot dog buns 100) Which statement describes canvassing? A) A politician accuses his opponent of trying to raise taxes. B) A famous actress has decided to endorse a certain candidate. C) An interest group sponsors a commercial opposing a candidate. D) A campaign volunteer goes through a neighborhood asking for votes. 101) Under which economic system would factors of production MOST LIKELY be owned by the government? A) mixed economy B) market economy C) command economy D) traditional economy 102) The United States government has decided to issue federal income tax rebates to taxpayers. What is the MOST LIKELY goal of these rebates? A) increased consumer spending B) increased transfer payments C) reduction in the employment rate D) reduction in the military budget The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. - 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution 103) This excerpt was the direct result of the efforts of the early 20th century political party known as the A) Free-Soilers. B) Know-Nothings. C) Libertarians. D) Progressives. 104) The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy was unique in North America because it A) focused solely on the customs of the Mohawk Indians. B) was the last time Indians united across tribal lines. C) represented the first documented proof that Indians were trying to drive out Europeans. D) covered nearly all aspects of Indian life, including government, religious ceremonies, and death. 105) If the General Assembly cannot agree on a state budget, what would MOST LIKELY happen? A) State employees would not receive salaries. B) A temporary spending authority would be passed. C) The governor would suspend the state legislature. D) Spending on government services would come to a halt. 106) Signed into law on October 26, 2001, the USA PATRIOT Act has received criticism because A) it faced great opposition from Congress. B) of its damaging impact on the environment. C) it greatly increased taxes on the middle classes. D) of its curtailing of civil rights in order to fight terrorism. 107) Stacey is very upset about the way the street in front of her school is always full of litter. Which would be the best, most civically responsible way to address the issue? A) write a letter to a Congressman B) write a letter to the town mayor C) organize a weekend group to clean up the stretch of road D) form a debate team to uncover the reasons for the littering 108) Willie is convicted of stealing mops from a local school. Which punishment would he be LEAST LIKELY to receive? A) a suspended sentence B) 6 weeks in jail C) community service D) 6 months in prison 109) The Constitution dictates that the presiding officer of the Senate is the A) Majority whip. B) Vice-President. C) Majority leader. D) Speaker of the House. 110) Colonial radicals formed these groups in towns through the colonies to keep the public informed about abuse of colonial rights by the British government. They were A) Minutemen. B) The Redcoats. C) Committees of Correspondence. D) The Daughters of the American Revolution. 111) A citizen is greatly concerned about a proposed ordinance and would like to voice his opinion to the town council. Which civic action would be the most appropriate for his situation? A) e-mail the governor B) speak at a public hearing C) send an anonymous letter to the editor D) send an anonymous letter to the president 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10.B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14.D 15. C 16.B 17. B Answer Key for EOC Practice Test 18.B 19.D 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. C 54. C 55. D 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. D 60. A 61. D 62. C 63. C 64. A 65. C 66. D 67. D 68. A 69. D 70. A 71. B 72. C 73. A 74. D 75. C 76. D 77. A 78. A 79. B 80. C 81. D 82. B 83. C 84. A 85. D 86. B 87. D 88. B 89. B 90. C 91. C 92. A 93. C 94. D 95. A 96. A 97. B 98. D 99. D 100. D 101. C 102. A 103. D 104. D 105. B 106. D 107. C 108. D 109. B 110. C 111. B