Download The Rule of the Tyrant Pisistratus

The Rule of the Tyrant Pisistratus
Although tyranny came to have a bad reputation, the first tyrants were often popular they broke
the unchallenged domination of the aristocrats. Their careers were sometimes remembered
fondly when compared with those of their successor, as Aristotle did with Pisistratus, Athens’
first tyrant, .in the Athenian Constitution, written two centuries after the events described.
Such was the origin and such the
frank speech and his industry that he
vicissitudes of the tyranny of Pisistratus.
granted him exemption from all taxes.
His administration was temperate… and
And so in matters in general he burdened
more like constitutional government than a the people as little as possible with his
tyranny. Not only was he in every respect
government, but always cultivated peace
humane and mild and ready to forgive
and kept them in quietness. Hence the
those who offended, but, in addition, he
tyranny of Pisistratus was often spoken of
advanced money to the poorer people to
proverbially as “the age of gold”; for when
help them in their labors, so that they
his sons succeeded him the government
might make their living by agriculture. In
became much harsher. But most important
this he had two objects, first that they
of all in this aspect was his popular and
might not spend their time in the city, but
kindly disposition. In all things he was
might be scattered all over the face of the
accustomed to observe the laws without
country, and secondly that being
giving himself any exceptional privileges.
moderately well off and occupied with
Once he was summoned on a charge of
their own business, they might have
homicide before the Areopagus [ancient
neither the wish nor the time to attend to
tribunal], and he appeared in person to
public affairs. At the same time his
make his defense; but the prosecutor was
revenues were increased by the thorough
afraid to present himself and abandoned
cultivation of the country, since he
the case. For these reasons he held power
imposed a tax of one tenth on all the
long, and whenever he was expelled he
produce. For the same reasons he
regained his position easily. The majority
instituted the local justices, and often made alike of the upper class and of the people
expeditions in person into the country to
were in his favor; the former by his social
inspect it and to settle disputes between
intercourse with them, the latter by the
individuals, that they might not come to
assistance which he gave to their private
the city and neglect their farms. It was one purses, and his nature fitted him to win the
of these progresses that, as the story goes,
hearts of both. Moreover the laws in
Pisistratus had his adventure with the man
reference to tyrants at the time in force at
of Hymettus, who was cultivating the spot
Athens were very mild, especially the one
afterwards known as “Tax-free Farm.” He that applies more particularly to the
saw a man digging and working a very
establishment of tyranny. The law ran as
stony piece of ground, and being surprised
follows, “These are the ancestral statutes
he sent his attendant to ask what he got out of the Athenians; if any persons shall make
of this plot of land. “Aches and pains,”
an attempt to establish a tyranny, or if any
said the man, “and that’s what Pisistratus
person shall join in setting up a tyranny, he
ought to have a tenth of.” The man spoke
shall lose his civic rights, both himself and
without knowing who his questioner was;
his whole house.”
but Pisistratus was so pleased with his
1. If Pisistratus was a tyrant, why was his rule portrayed as a golden age?
2. If it was a golden age, why did Athenians pass laws against tyranny?