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Neuromuscular Fundamentals Ch. 2 Muscle nomenclature: - shape - size - number of divisions - direction of fibers - location - points of attachment - action - action and shape - action and size - shape and location Shape of muscles and fiber arrangement: this plays a key role in the ability to exert force cross sectional diameter ability to move a joint through a wider range is its ability to shorten longer muscles can shorten through a greater range and are more effective in moving joints through large ranges of motion all muscles are either parallel or pinnate parallel muscles produce greater ROM o flat – thin and broad ( rectus abdominus ) o fusiform – spindle-shaped ( brachialis ) o strap muscles - uniform in diameter ( sartorius ) o radiate – both flat and fusiform ( trapezius ) o sphincter – circular ( orbicularis oris ) pennate muscles – like a feather, increased cross – sectional area, more powerful; tire quickly unipennate – fibers run obliquely from one side only bipennate – fibers run obliquely from both sides multipennate – have several tendons with fibers running diagonally ( deltoid )