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Chapter 15 Notes Sheet Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________ Period: ________ 15-1 Father of Evolution ___________ Born ____________ Same day as _____________ Set sail __________ Ship Name __________ Length of Trip _______ Is evolution a theory or a law? Darwin sailed around the world and collected samples as well as ______________ evidence Darwin stopped in many lands but his observations at the ____________ __________, influenced him the most. Some differences between the Galapagos Islands are _______, ____________, ________. Galapagos Islands are part of this country_______ and this continent __________ (pg 138 worksheet) 1. Short vegetation: Isabela Island Hood Island 2. Why did you choose? __________________________________ 3. Sparse vegetation? Pinta Island Hood Island 15-2 Darwin’s theory of evolution- was shaped by the thoughts and influences of other scientists: Hutton and Lyell said… Earth is __________ so Darwin figured “there had been enough time for evolution.” Theory of P______________ and theory of _______________ _______. Thomas Malthus- When birth > death for humans, we will run out of ________ and _______. Other things we compete for: _______, ________, ________, ________. Jean Baptiste Lamarck- “Theory of acquired traits” Ex) What is true about this theory? What is inaccurate about this theory? 15-3 Charles Darwin Presents his Case 1859 he publishes his book _____________________, but before he published he felt ______ because ____________________ In artificial selection _______________ provides the variations, and humans select the traits they find useful. Name 5 Human variations: _____________________________________________ Variations Mini-Lab: Name Hand Spread Height Gymnastics? Basketball? Texting? In Natural selection _______________ provides the variation. It can be summed up with the following 4 points … 1 2 3 4 Pg 139 year Light color Dark color 1 2 3 4 How did the numbers change over time? _____________________________________ Common descent is the idea that ______________________________. Pg 140 worksheet 1. 1 change between org 1 and 2: ________________________________ 2. How are these fossils evidence? Darwin’s 4 pieces of evidence for evolution (pg 141 worksheet) Type of What is Reveals Examples Evidence After Darwin returned to England in 1836 he filled notebooks with his ideas about _____________ and the process that he would later call _______. He did not rush to publish his ideas because they ________ with the fundamental scientific ______ of his day. He asked his wife to publish his ideas when he ___. In 1858 another naturalist, _________________, wrote an essay describing his work in _______ that summarized the same ideas _____ had been thinking about for 25 years! In 1859 ____________________ presented _______ and proposed a ________ for evolution that he called __________________ A theory is a ____________, _______, explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world, like the theory of __________________, ________, and _____________. _________________ is found naturally in all populations ______________________ means that members of each species must ________ for food, space, and other __________. Some organisms in a ________ are ________ to survive. _____________________ organisms which are better adapted to the environment will ______ and ________, passing on their _____. Ability of an individual to ______ ____________ in its specific environment = ______ Any ___________________ that increases an organism’s ______________ = _____________ Over time, natural selection results in ________ in the inherited characteristics of a __________. These changes ______ a species’ _____ in its environment. ____________________________ suggests that each species has ___________, with ________, from other species over time. This idea suggests that all living species are ____________________, and that all species, living and extinct, share a _________________. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION: 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________ 5. _______________ 6. _______________ 7. _______________ ARTIFICIAL SELECTION WORKS In artificial selection, ____________ provides the _________ through _________ and _________________ and ______________ those traits that they find ______. 2. The Fossil Record – ______ are the _______ _________________ found in layers of rock in the Earth. The layers of rock tell the history of the _____, while the _____ found within the rock tell a history of ___. The fossils are thought to be the ________ as the rock they are found in. If Darwin’s theory is correct you would expect to find ____________ yet _______________ living in a _________ region as they spread into nearby habitats and evolve. Tortoises adapted to different habitats as they spread from the mainland to the different islands. = DIVERGENT EVOLUTION = ADAPTIVE RADIATION The _____ of Galapagos finches have ______ to eating a _____ of _____. If Darwin’s theory is correct you would also expect to find _______________ living in ________ geographic regionsbut similar habitats becoming ________ as they adapt to ______________. Whales and sharks have a _____ body design even though they are very _______ organisms (one is a fish; the other, a mammal) because they have _________________ to living in a _____ environment. =_________________________ 4. Homologous Body Structures – Structures, like the limbs of vertebrates, look very _______, but are made from the __________, because they are made from the same clump of _____________ cells in the _______. In humans the cecum is shrunken and unused. It is our _________ . _____________________ ________ of many animals with backbones are very similar. It is clear that the same groups of _____________ cells develop in the same order to produce the same tissues and organs of all vertebrates, suggesting that they all _______ from a _______________. Similarities in ____ and ________ sequences suggest relatedness Similar _________ suggest an ___________________. 7. Natural Selection