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Chemistry 371A – Physical Chemistry Fall 2002 Lecture: Mon, Wed, Fri 10 – 10:50 PH3-119 Dr. Christopher R. Brazier Office: PH3-201 Phone: (562) 985-2115 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.csulb.edu/~cbrazier Office hours: Mon, Wed, Fri 11-12 and Tue, Thu 1-2 Course Philosophy: The purpose of physical chemistry is to explain and interpret the observed chemical and physical properties of matter. To do this we will develop conceptual and mathematical models to simulate the real world. Text Books: Ira N. Levine, “Physical Chemistry,” 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002. Clyde R. Metz, “Schaum’s Outline of Physical Chemistry,” 2nd edition, McGrawHill, New York, 1989, (optional). The topics to be covered during this semester include: Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics Material Equilibrium Standard Thermodynamic Functions of Reaction Reaction Equilibrium in Ideal Gas Mixtures One-Component Phase Equilibrium Real Gases Solutions Nonideal Solutions Reaction Equilibrium in Nonideal Systems Multicomponent Phase Equilibrium Surface Chemistry Electrochemical Systems Prerequisite Courses: CHEM 111A, CHEM 111B, and CHEM 251 with a grade of C or better. MATH 122, MATH 123, and MATH 224 (may be taken concurrently). PHYS 151 and PHYS 152. Your textbooks from these classes will be useful as background material for some of the topics that are discussed in this class. Lectures: Read the assigned material before coming to class. The lecture should then help crystallize the ideas and answer questions that may have arisen in your mind. As near to the completion of the lecture as feasible, review your notes and make sure everything is clear. Add clarifying comments if necessary. If you do not understand something and the book doesn't solve your problem, come and see me. I am more than willing to help you. Homework: Problem solving is the most important part of physical chemistry. Over 30% of the grade in this class is based on homework, so it is vital that you make your best attempt on every problem. If you are not sure about a problem please come ask, I am always willing to help. A homework assignment will be given every week except exam weeks. These are to be turned in at the end of the period on the due date. No homework will be accepted after the answer key is handed out. You may consult with other students on the homework problems, but the work you turn in must be clearly your own. The problems are designed to aid you in your understanding of the material. Similar problems have a habit of appearing on examinations as well. Each homework problem is worth at least 2 points, extra points may be awarded for more challenging problems. Exams: There will be 3 take home examinations each worth 100 points and a final worth 150 points. The final will be a standardized examination in thermodynamics, 40 multiple choice questions with the score appropriately scaled. You will receive the take home exams 1 week before they are due. There will be no lecture on the days the take home exams are due so that you may ask questions, however you should have at least attempted all of the problems by this time. Take home exams are due by 5 PM on the days listed. All work on take home exams must be your own, you may not discuss the questions with anyone other than myself. Any unauthorized communication or collaboration will result in a zero on that exam. Withdrawing from class: See attached CNSM withdrawal policy. Note, if you wish to withdraw because of poor grades you must do so before the end of the eighth week of class. By this time you will have ample graded material by which to judge your performance. If you are unsure whether you will pass, or need help to do better, please come and talk to me. Grading: Take home #1 (Due Oct 4) Take home #2 (Due Nov 1) Take home #3 (Due Dec 6) Homework Final (Wed Dec 18 at 10:15) Total 100 100 100 200 150 650 Approximate letter grades: A > 87%, B > 75%, C > 63%, D > 53% Lecture Schedule Date Sep 4 Sep 6 Sep 9 Sep 11 Sep 13 Sep 16 Topic Introduction to thermodynamics, ideal gases Equations of state, review of calculus for pchem Energy and work The first law, enthalpy, heat Joule-Thomson expt, perfect gases First law calculations Sep 18 Sep 20 Sep 23 Sep 25 Sep 27 Sep 30 Oct 2 Oct 4 Oct 7 Oct 9 The second law, heat engines Entropy Entropy, reversibility and irreversibility Meaning of entropy, material equilibrium Gibbs and Helmholtz energies Thermodynamic relations Chemical potential Take home exam 1 due Standard enthalpy Standard entropy, the third law Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Thermodynamic tables Ideal gas reaction equilibrium Equilibrium calculations Simultaneous equilibria, Q The phase rule Phase equilibrium, the Clapeyron equation Phase transitions 11 14 16 18 21 23 25 Sections 1.1-1.5 1.6-1.9 2.1-2.2 2.3-2.6 2.7-2.8 2.9-2.12 3.1-3.2 3.3-3.4 3.5-3.6 3.7-3.8, 4.1-4.2 4.3-4.5 4.5-4.6 4.7-4.10 1-4 5.1-5.4 5.5-5.7 5.8-5.11 6.1-6.2 6.3-6.4 6.5-6.6 7.1 7.2-7.3 7.4-7.5 Oct 28 Oct 30 Nov 1 Nov 4 Nov 6 Nov 8 Nov 11 Nov 13 Nov 15 Nov 18 Real gases Critical state, law of corresponding states Take home exam 2 due Partial molar quantities Ideal solutions Ideally dilute solutions, activity Activity coefficients Electrolyte solutions Standard states of solutions, fugacity Reaction equilibrium in nonideal solutions Nov 20 Gibbs energy change, coupled reactions Nov 22 Nov 25 Nov 27 Dec 2 Dec 4 Dec 6 Dec 9 Dec 11 Colligative properties Liquid-vapor phase diagrams Liquid-liquid and liquid-solid phase diagrams 3 component systems, the interphase region Curved surfaces Take home exam 3 due Electrochemical systems Thermodynamics of electrical cells Dec 13 Dec 18 Applications of electrochemistry Final Exam at 10:15 8.1-8.4 8.5-8.9 5-8 9.1-9.3 9.4-9.6 9.7-9.8, 10.1 10.2-10.5 10.6-10.8 10.9-10.11 11.1-11.4 11.5-11.10 12.1-12.4 12.5-12.6 12.7-12.8 12.9-12.12, 13.1 13.2-13.5 9-13 14.1-14.4 14.5-14.7 14.8-14.10 1-14 Homework Set 1: 1.4, 1.15, 1.21, 1.22, 1.31, 1.46, 1.54, 2.8, 2.16, 2.26 due Sep 13 Homework Set 2: 2.29, 2.33, 2.37, 2.40, 2.44, 2.46, 2.55, 3.5 due Sep 20