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Name: _____________________________________________ ANNELIDS Annelida Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the questions that follow. An earthworm’s body is divided into more than 100 segments, most of which are virtually identical. In addition, circular and longitudinal muscles line the interior body wall of an earthworm. To move, the worm anchors some of the middle segments by their setae and contracts the circular muscles in front of those segments. Contraction of the circular muscles increases the pressure of the coelomic fluid in those segments. This increased pressure elongates the animal and pushes the anterior end forward. Setae in the anterior segments then grip the ground as the longitudinal muscles contract, pulling the posterior segments forward. This method of locomotion in earthworms is an example of the kind of movement made possible by segmentation. Read each question and write your answer in the space provided. SKILL: Identifying Main Ideas 1. What is the main idea of this passage? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the structure of an earthworm’s body. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 3. As the earthworm’s circular muscles contract, the a. organism’s longitudinal muscles expand. b. pressure of the coelomic fluid decreases. c. organism’s setae contract. d. pressure of the coelomic fluid increases. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology Annelida VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. setae _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. parapodium________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. gizzard ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. nephridium________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. ____ 1. Segmentation is an advantage for annelid worms because it a. requires the whole body to move as a single unit. b. reduces the number of setae on the parapodia. c. divides the pseudocoelom into multiple compartments. d. is accompanied by the duplication of some internal organs. ____ 2. Contraction of an earthworm’s longitudinal muscles a. pushes the anterior end forward. c. pulls the posterior end forward. b. pulls the anterior end backward. d. pushes the posterior end backward. ____ 3. An earthworm uses its setae to a. grip the soil surface. b. contract in a circular direction. c. contract in a longitudinal direction. d. form a protective case for its eggs. ____ 4. One difference between leeches and polychaetes is that leeches a. do not have segments. c. have parapodia. b. do not have setae. d. are never carnivorous. ____ 5. All annelids in the classes Oligochaeta and Hirudinea have a. gills. c. a segmented coelom. b. parapodia. d. an open circulatory system. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology Annelida SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. How does the function of an earthworm’s crop differ from that of its gizzard? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. List three benefits of earthworm activity. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the function of an earthworm’s aortic arches? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the locomotion of a leech on land. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 5. Some parasitic leeches are attracted by warmth. What type of host would you expect such leeches to have, and what would be the adaptive advantage of this attraction? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Identify the structures labeled a–h in the diagram of an earthworm shown below. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology Annelida Use the following terms and phrases to complete the concept map below. bivalves gastropods oysters cephalopods leeches polychaetes clams mollusks slugs coelom oligochaetes squids earthworms Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology Annelida
