Download genetics

GENETICS
7.14A THE STUDENT IS EXPECTED TO DEFINE HEREDITY AS THE PASSAGE OF
GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT GENERATION
KWL ON GENETICS
• KNOW
• WANT TO LEARN
• LEARNED
VIDEO CLIP
What is genetics?
NEW VOCABULARY
• Traits – An organism’s physical characteristics
• DNA – “DeoxyriboNucleic Acid”. Genetic material that carries
information about the organism
• Genes – A section of DNA on a chromosome that has genetic
information for one trait
• Chromosome - A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and
protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying
genetic information in the form of genes.
DRAW IT
WHERE IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL FOUND IN THE
CELL?
CLASS TRAIT SURVEY
# of students: _________
Number of students with trait
Total number of students in class
X 100 = Class percentage %
PERSONAL TRAITS PICTURE EXAMPLES
QUESTIONS
• Who do you have these traits in common with?
• How did you get the traits you have?
• Why do you think you have some traits in
common with your classmates?
DOMINANT VS. RECESSIVE
• A dominant allele is a strong form of a gene whose traits always
show up in the organism if it is present. It is represented by a
capital letter.
• The recessive allele is a weak form of a gene that can be hidden
or covered up if the dominant allele is present. It is represented
by a lower case letter.
GREGOR MENDEL
THE “FATHER OF GENETICS”
• He identified traits by studying the
heredity of pea plants
• The process in which characteristics
or traits are passed from parents to
offspring is called heredity
• Genetics is the scientific study of
heredity
SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
7.14 The student knows that reproduction is a
characteristic of living organisms and that the instructions
for traits are governed in the genetic material
VIDEO CLIP
Where do your genes come from?
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION VS
• Two parents
• Sex cells: sperm and
egg
• Sperm and egg join =
fertilization
• Offspring look
different from parent
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• One parent
• No sex cells
• Offspring produced by
cell division
• Offspring identical to
parent (same DNA)
SENTENCE STEMS
• One characteristic of asexual reproduction is…
• One characteristic of sexual reproduction is…
• One characteristic sexual and asexual reproduction
have in common is…
ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• Advantages:
• Advantages:
• Does not require a mate for reproduction
to take place
• Can increase population rapidly
• Disadvantages:
• Diversity of offspring
• Offspring less likely to have mutations
show up
• Disadvantages:
• Lack of diversity in offspring
• Requires a mate to reproduce
• Reproduce genetically identical to parents,
the offspring inherit any mutations of the
parents
• Slower population growth
TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• Binary Fission
• Organism divides in half
• Two identical daughter cells produced
• Daughter cells are half the parent’s size
• Daughter cells grow, then divide too
• Example: Bacteria
TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• Budding
• Small bud grows out of parent cell
• Two different sized cells made (with identical DNA)
• Bud breaks off and grows
• Example: yeast and hydra
VIDEO CLIPS
• Sexual reproduction
• Asexual Reproduction