Download Geography-Chapter 5 Mineral and power resources.

Geography-Chapter 5
Mineral and power resources.
Igneous rocks: Minerals are found
after cooling of magma. E.g. Granite
and basalt.
Sedimentary rocks
• Rocks made from sediments are small rock
broken off from rocks –they reach sea bed and
accumulate in layers.
• Sandstone rocks consists of grains of sand.
• Limestone is formed from the remains of
plants and animals.
Metamorphic rocks
• These rocks have changed by heat and
pressure in earth’s crust.E.g limestone is
changed into marble and clay is turned into
slate.
• Key terms:
• Ore: A rock that has large concentration pf a
particular mineral is called the ore of that
mineral.
• Metallic and non metallic.
.
• Methods of search and extraction of rocks and
minerals.
• Uses of rocks and minerals
• Impact of mining on envoronments.
Question
• 1. Is the country you live in mineral rich or
mineral poor?
• 2. Explain your answer to (a) as fully you can.
Sedimentary rock in England
• Weakness between the beds of rocks.
Horizontal.
• Pic 1 Weakness that are vertical.
• Metallic and Non metallic.
Impact of mining on environment.
• 1. Open cast mining and Deep mining both leads
to surface piles of wastes.
• 2. After the period of heavy rains, the waste
heaps can become unstable and flow down
slopes.
• 3. New mines in remote areas need roads and
railways for access and transport, building these
can lead to clearance of forests and other natural
vegetation, which results in loss of wildlife
habitats
Valuable revenue if mineral/its products are
exported
- Creates jobs for people - beneficial in poor
countries/areas of high unemployment
- Wages go into local economy
- Increase in local facilities/infrastructure.
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isadvantages_of_metal_extraction#ixzz27YPu3
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• DIS:
• - Lots of dust from mining quarries
• - Noise pollution from processing/operation/transport of
minerals
• - Air pollution from gases and dust - poisonous carbon
monoxide from blast furnace extraction of iron etc.
• - Mining operations disfigure landscape
• Health hazards.
•
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Bingham copper mine in Rocky mountains
in U.S.A. –world’s largest opencast pits
Versus Underground Mining
Statistic
• Mining removes 28 % billion tones of soil and
rock per year. This is more than that removed
by the natural processes of weathering and
erosion.
A pollution stream flowing from an old
mining area: why it is this color?
• Draw two spider diagrams like the ones
shown below, but larger. Add as many more
advantages and disadvantages of mining as
you can.
• Provides work
Leaves waste heaps on the
•
advantages
surface.
disadvantages
Non conventional sources of power
• Non Conventional Energy sources are those
energy sources which are renewable and
ecologically safe, such as tidal power, wind
power, etc.
• Nuclear energy
• Solar energy
• Wind power
• Geothermal power
• Tidal power
• Biogas tidal power
• Hydro electric: fast flowing water, such as from a
waterfall or below a lake.
• Geothermal; heat from the ground in area of volcanic
activity.
• Solar: heat from the light of the Sun using panels and
photovoltaic cells.
• wave: force of the sea waves as they break against the
coastline.
• Wind :using tall turbines driven by the force of the
wind.
• Biomass; using fuel wood, crop wastes and animal
dung as fuel.
Question
• Are alternate sources of energy being used in
your own country?
• If yes , name them and explain where and why
they are being used.
• If no, explain why they are not being used.
• Research and find out.
Activity
• 1.Describe how (a) individuals like yourself (b)
your parents and families (c) industries like
steel companies and (d) authorities
responsible for waste collection can help to
reduce energy consumption.
• 2 How electricity is generated in four Asian
countries (%)
How electricity is generated in four
Asian countries?
• Activity-Thermal
Hydrelectricity
Nuclear
Geothermal
Coal ,oil and
gas
------------
------------
---------
Ssudi Arabia
100
-----
--------
-------
Pakistan
61.2
38.0
0.8
-------
India
81.0
17.3
1.7
---------
Japan
61.1
9.2
29.4
0.3
•
•
•
•
Choose two countries.
(a) Draw pie graphs to show the percentages.
(b) Suggest reasons for the differences.
(c ) How different will the environmental
problems between the two countries?
• Research investigation into energy resources
in your home country.
• (a) What are the main energy problems?
• (b) Name the alternative sources of energy
that are used.
• ( c) how can the energy problems be reduced?
• Comment on the use of nuclear energy
referring to the after effects of Tsunami in
Japan few years ago.
Thermal power station with emission
of steam coming out of the cooling
towers. Figure 1
Nuclear power station-Is there any air
pollution from it? Figure 2
Activity
• 1.Nuclear power production by regions in
2002 (%)
North America
33.6
Europe
37.6
Russia
8.2
Japan
11.7
Other in Asia
7.6
Others areas of the world
1.3
• (a) Draw a graph to show these percentages.
(b) How does the data show that most
nuclear power stations are located in
developed countries?
• 2. Look at the power station in figure 1 and 2
• Which one is cleaner and more
environmentally friendly / Explain your
answers as fully as possible.