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Popes and Kings
Chapter 10.1
Popes and Kings Rule Europe
 In the early Middle Ages, great nobles and their knights
held a great deal of power.
 As time passed, though, this power began to shift into the
hands of two types of leaders: popes and kings.
 Popes had great spiritual power, and kings had political power.
vs.
The Power of the Popes
The Pope was the head of the Christian Church in Western
Europe.
People saw the pope as God’s representative on Earth.
Duties of the Pope
Excommunication
Political Power of Popes
• Decide what the Church
would teach
• Write a bull – Church
policy
• Decide when someone was
acting against the Church
• Pope/bishop could cast out
people from the Church.
• After the Roman Empire
collapsed, many people
looked to Pope as the
leader.
• Popes became rich and
powerful.
• People believed it meant
they could not get into
heaven.
The Power of Kings
Some kings had little real power.
In which 3 countries did kings have real control?
England, France, Holy Roman Empire
How were kings chosen in England and France?
Inherited throne from fathers
The Holy Roman Empire
This empire grew out of Charlemagne’s empire, who built his
empire with the pope’s approval.
Why was it called the Holy Roman Empire?
 it was approved by Pope
 seen as rebirth of the Roman Empire
Popes Fight for Power
Although people of western Europe considered the pope the head of
the Church, people in eastern Europe disagreed.
In Eastern Europe:
Bishops controlled
religious matters
with little or no
guidance from the
Pope.
Mid 1000s: Clever
popes & Pope Leo IX
Church leaders in
Eastern Europe:
sought to increase
authority over
eastern bishops
refused to recognize
the Pope’s supremacy.
Pope Responded:
Excommunicated the
eastern patriarch
(bishop) in 1054.
Great Schism
Orthodox Church
Roman Catholic
Christians who agreed
with the bishop of
Constantinople.
Christians who
supported Pope Leo’s
authority.
Do Summary A
on the back.
Summary : Box A
Discuss the events that lead to the
Great Schism.
Explain/define the Great Schism
or draw an illustration to represent
the Great Schism.
Kings and Popes Clash
Disagreement between
kings and popes:
Pope Gregory VII vs. Emperor
Henry IV (1073)
Compromise, 1122 A.D.
• Kings wanted to choose
bishops in their
countries.
• Popes wanted to choose
religious officials.
• Pope Gregory VII disapproved
of the bishop chosen by
Emperor Henry IV.
• The new pope and emperor
decided that Church officials
would choose bishops and
abbots.
• Emp. Henry IV convinced
Germany’s bishops to remove
Gregory as Pope.
• Bishops and abbots would
still have to obey the
emperor.
• The Pope then
excommunicated Emperor
Henry IV.
Despite the compromise over choosing church officials,
kings and popes continued to fight for power throughout
the Middle Ages.
Summary : Box B
What did Popes and Kings disagree
about?
Was there a resolution? Explain
why or why not?