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Popes and Kings Chapter 10.1 Popes and Kings Rule Europe In the early Middle Ages, great nobles and their knights held a great deal of power. As time passed, though, this power began to shift into the hands of two types of leaders: popes and kings. Popes had great spiritual power, and kings had political power. vs. The Power of the Popes The Pope was the head of the Christian Church in Western Europe. People saw the pope as God’s representative on Earth. Duties of the Pope Excommunication Political Power of Popes • Decide what the Church would teach • Write a bull – Church policy • Decide when someone was acting against the Church • Pope/bishop could cast out people from the Church. • After the Roman Empire collapsed, many people looked to Pope as the leader. • Popes became rich and powerful. • People believed it meant they could not get into heaven. The Power of Kings Some kings had little real power. In which 3 countries did kings have real control? England, France, Holy Roman Empire How were kings chosen in England and France? Inherited throne from fathers The Holy Roman Empire This empire grew out of Charlemagne’s empire, who built his empire with the pope’s approval. Why was it called the Holy Roman Empire? it was approved by Pope seen as rebirth of the Roman Empire Popes Fight for Power Although people of western Europe considered the pope the head of the Church, people in eastern Europe disagreed. In Eastern Europe: Bishops controlled religious matters with little or no guidance from the Pope. Mid 1000s: Clever popes & Pope Leo IX Church leaders in Eastern Europe: sought to increase authority over eastern bishops refused to recognize the Pope’s supremacy. Pope Responded: Excommunicated the eastern patriarch (bishop) in 1054. Great Schism Orthodox Church Roman Catholic Christians who agreed with the bishop of Constantinople. Christians who supported Pope Leo’s authority. Do Summary A on the back. Summary : Box A Discuss the events that lead to the Great Schism. Explain/define the Great Schism or draw an illustration to represent the Great Schism. Kings and Popes Clash Disagreement between kings and popes: Pope Gregory VII vs. Emperor Henry IV (1073) Compromise, 1122 A.D. • Kings wanted to choose bishops in their countries. • Popes wanted to choose religious officials. • Pope Gregory VII disapproved of the bishop chosen by Emperor Henry IV. • The new pope and emperor decided that Church officials would choose bishops and abbots. • Emp. Henry IV convinced Germany’s bishops to remove Gregory as Pope. • Bishops and abbots would still have to obey the emperor. • The Pope then excommunicated Emperor Henry IV. Despite the compromise over choosing church officials, kings and popes continued to fight for power throughout the Middle Ages. Summary : Box B What did Popes and Kings disagree about? Was there a resolution? Explain why or why not?