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Chapter 4: The Chemical Basis of Life 4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things Chemical Compounds in Living Things Although the earth’s crust contains ___________ naturally occurring chemical elements, ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Another ___________ are found in _______________________________ Just _______________________________ – ______________________, _________________________, ____________________, and ________________________ – make up _________________ of the total weight of the ________________________________ In varying combinations, the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up practically all the chemical compounds in living things Divided into _________ groups o _______________________________________ – contain carbon o _______________________________________ – do not contain carbon Inorganic Compounds The natural world is dominated by inorganic compounds Primarily those compounds that do not contain carbon ____________________ is inorganic, as are the minerals that make up most of the ______________, ______________, and _______________ of the Earth’s landmasses Organic Compounds Contain carbon Carbon is a unique element because of its remarkable ability to form ______________________________ that are strong and stable Carbon can form __________ single covalent bonds Carbon can also form ___________________ or ___________________ of almost unlimited length by bonding to other carbon atoms o __________________________________________________ Polymerization Many carbon-based compounds are formed by a chemical process known as __________________________________, in which large compounds are constructed by joining together smaller compounds The smaller compounds, or _________________________, are joined together by chemical bonds to form _____________________ Many polymers are so large that they are called ______________________________
