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Name: ___________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________________
Lab: Simple Animals:
Sponges, Cnidarians and Ctenophora
Sponges (Ch 33): Phylum ___Porifera___
means ___
(which
pore-bearer___)
Sponges are the simplest of all animals. They are animals because they are
heterotrophic___, _______multicellular______ organisms that
___
do not have cell walls. Sponges exhibit __
other animals and have no true ____
less___ cell specialization than most
tissues____ or ___organs___. Adult
sessile____, which means they do not move.
sponges are ___
Basic body plan

Consists of __
2__ layers separated by __mesohyl (jelly-like
substance)___.

Body wall forms a hollow ___
cylinder___ closed at the bottom and
open at the top.

Inside lined with cells called __
choanocytes (collar
cells)__, which: flagella beats, draws water in
ostia and out osculum

Support is provided by a network of protein fibers called
___
spongin___ or by particles of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide
spicules__.
called _
Feeding and digestion

Most sponges feed by __
sieving__ (straining ) food out of the water.
This method if feeding is called __
filter-feeding__.

Water enters the sponge through small holes called __

Along with the water comes __

The __
ostia__.
plankton__ and other tiny organisms.
flagella__ of the choanocytes moves the water, trapping the food.
This is called filter-feeding.

The food is digested in the choanocytes, but moves to other parts of the
animal by cells that crawl, called _

amoebocytes_.
osculum__, carrying __CO2_ and
Water flows out through the __
other waste.
Reproduction

Sponges can reproduce asexually by:
Budding…new one grows off and
separates

What is a gemmule and how does it help a sponge reproduce?
Internal bud…food-filled ball of
amoebocytes…when conditions bad

Most sponges are __

What is regeneration?
hermaphroditic__ (produce both egg and
sperm) and reproduce sexually by: external
fertilization….sperm form 1 enters another
makes swimming larva
Regrow missing cells, tissues and organs
Broken off “pieces” can grow into new
sponge
Drawing/slides
Here is a drawing of a sponge. Color the parts (any color you want) and label the
following:
osculum
amoebocyte
spicule
ostia
mesohyl
choanocytes
flagellum
The arrows show the
flow of water. Describe
how water enters and
exists the sponge and
how it traps food, using
the words above.
Water goes in through the ostia and out
through the osculum, due to beating of the
flagella.
Food particles are trapped by the
choanocytes (collar cells), digested and
moved to other parts of the sponge by the
amoebocytes.
Look at slides (Grantia) under the microscope (cross section and long section). Draw
and label above parts. Use low or medium power so you can see the whole
structure.
Cross section
Long section
Look at samples on shelf. Draw and label parts above.
Cnidarians (Ch 33): Phylum __Cnidaria_
radially__ symmetrical invertebrates. Their cells are
Cnidarins are __
tissues__ and they have a few simple __organs__. They are
organized into _
all _
aquatic__, and most live in the ocean. Phylum Cnidaria includes freshwater
hydras__, stinging __jellyfish__, and flowerlike _coral__ as well as
__
Portuguese man of war and sea anemones.
Basic body plan

Has two different shapes, the bell-shaped __
medusa___, which is used for
polyp__, which is sessile.
swimming and the vase-shaped __

Has two layers, an outer __
epidermis__ and an inner
gastrodermis____.
__

Has a central opening called a __
surrounded by __
gastrovascular cavity__,
tentacles_.
Feeding and defense

The thing that makes this phylum unique (and gives it its name) is the cell
cnidocytes__. Inside is something called a nematocyst.
called a __
Describe where it is located and how it captures prey:
On the epidermis, especially the tentacles
Something touches the trigger, the nematocyst
extends to poison and capture prey
Nervous System

Has a diffuse (spread out) web of interconnected nerve cells called a
nerve___ _net__.
__
Classification

Class Hydrozoa includes these species:
Obelia, Hydra, Portuguese Man of War

Class Cubozoa (or _
box jellies_) includes these species:
Sea wasp

Class Scyphozoa (which means _
cup animals__) includes these
species:
Jellyfish (sea jellies)

Class Anthozoa (which means _
flower animals__) includes these
species:
Coral, sea anemone
Drawing/slides
Here is a drawing of a Hydra and Jellyfish. Identify the shape, color the parts (any
color you want) and label the following:
epidermis
mesoglea
gastrodermis
mouth
tentacle
Jellyfish
Hydra
epidermis
mesoglea
gastrodermis
mouth
tentacle
bud
nematocyst
Look at Hydra slides under the microscope (regular and budding). Draw and label
above parts.
Hydra
Obelia
Hydra, budding
Aurelia
Ctenophorans (Ch 33): Phylum _Ctenophora_
This phylum includes about 100 species that resemble jellyfish and are known
Comb jellies__. The name Ctenophora means __comb holder_.
as __
They differ from jellyfish:

in the way that they move. Describe this difference:

rows of cilia beat (don’t move by pulsing)
they don’t have nematocysts, they have _colloblasts__. What do they
do?
Secrete sticky substance to capture
prey, rather than paralyze

they have an apical organ which:

allows them to sense their orientation
(up and down)
they have _bioluminescence__, which means they produce light
by biochemical means.