Download Personal Dietary Assessment and Analysis Medical Dietetics 4900

Diet
Assessment
Methods Of Results
Method
ESHA Food Processor
SQL Version 10.7.0 (4day)
ESHA Food Processor
SQL Version 10.7.0 (1day)
MyPlate Supertracker
Method
Pros
Cons
- Over 50,000 food items in
database
- Better representation of diet
- Many nutrient components
- Gives a variety of detailed
reports
- Presents a very elaborate and
detailed analysis of diet
- Alters recommendations based
on height, gender, weight,
activity level, and age.
- Not very time consuming to
enter only one day
- Gives a detailed report of diet
intake
- Alters recommendations based
on height, gender, weight,
activity level, and age.
- Over 50,000 food items in
database
Easy to use
Fast
Results are presented clearly
Can access software easily
Easy to pick a food choice
- Time consuming to enter
- Software access is limited
- Difficult to decide which of the
many food options to use.
- Is not representative of entire diet
- Results are overwhelming to read
- Software access is limited
- Difficult to decide which of the
many food options to use.
- Limited database, can’t find
specific foods which compromises
accuracy
- Not nearly as many nutrient
components
- Isn’t representative of entire diet
- Did not alter caloric intake based
on height, gender, and weight.
User Friendliness
ESHA Food Processor SQL Version - Somewhat difficult to navigate through
10.7.0 (4-day)
- Overwhelming amount of choices
ESHA Food Processor SQL Version Fairly user friendly
10.7.0 (1-day)
Overwhelming amount of choices
MyPlate Supertracker
Easiest to use, read, and understand
Method
ESHA Food Processor
SQL Version 10.7.0 (4day)
ESHA Food Processor
SQL Version 10.7.0 (1day)
MyPlate Supertracker
Perceived Nutritional Accuracy
Appears very accurate. It has more
food items to choose from to
specifically match to diet intake that
allows it to accurately calculate each
nutrient component.
Appears very accurate in calculating
nutrient components due to the
extensive database, but does not
represent overall diet.
With fewer food items to choose from,
nutritional accuracy seems to be
compromised. Did not alter caloric
intake based on height, gender, and
weight.
Ease of Use
Difficult to use, but the
averaged results are
easier to read.
Difficult to read through
results
Very easy to use, and
results are easy to
understand
Method
Carbohydrate Fat
Total
Total
Protein
Total
Iron Total
Calcium
Total
Kcal Total
ESHA Food
Processor
SQL Version
10.7.0 (4day)
ESHA Food
Processor
SQL Version
10.7.0 (1day)
238.65 g
677.69
kcal or
75.30 g
106.41 g
16.30 g
635.15 g
1969.20 kcal
223.61 g
628.65
kcal or
69.86 g
91.5 g
31.28 g
545.45 g
1842.47 kcal
MyPlate
177 g
Supertracker
37% of
total kcals
(558 kcal)
Equation
Harris Benedict
79 g
18 g
582 mg
2000 kcal
REE (kcal without
EER (with Physical
physical activity factor Activity Factor Included)
included)
1, 669 kcal
2,837 kcal
Harris Benedict Rounded
1,679 kcal
2,855 kcal
World Health Organization
1,452 kcal
2,468 kcal
RMR Using Table 7.8
1,387 kcal
2,358 kcal
EER Using table 7.9
Not Applicable
2,134 kcal
Calculations for Caloric Needs
Harris Benedict*:
655.096 + 9.563 (weight kg ) + 1.855 (height cm) – 4.676 (age years)
655.096 + 9.563 (65 kg) + 1.855 (158.75 cm) – 4.676 (21)= 1,668.57 kcal
1668.57 kcal (1.7)= 2,836.58
Harris Benedict Rounded*:
655.1 + 9.6 (weight kg ) + 1.9 (height cm) – 4.7 (age years)
655.1 + 9.6 (65 kg ) + 1.9 (158.75 cm) – 4.7 (21)= 1,679.43 kcal
1,679.43 (1.7)= 2,855 kcal
World Health Organization Equation*:
14.7 (weight kg) + 496
14.7 (65) +496= 1,451.5 kcal
1,451.5 kcal(1.7) = 2,467.55 kcal
REE *(Table 7.8)
247- (2.67 x age) + (401.5 x height in meters) + (8.6 x weight in kg)
247- (2.67 x 21) + (401.5 x 1.5875 m) + (8.6 x 65 kg) =1,387.3 kcal
1,387.3 x 1.7= 2,358.41 kcal
EER (Table 7.9)
354 - (6.91 x age) + Physical Activity Factor (9.36 x weight) + (726 x
height in meters)
354 - (6.91 x 21) + 1.27 (9.36 x 65) + (726 x 1.5875)= 2134.034 kcal
*A physical activity factor of 1.7 was used after calculating RMR.
Macronutrient Recommendations
(Based on a daily caloric intake of 2,134 kcal)
The patient should consume 50% of total calories from
carbohydrates, 30% of total calories should come from protein,
and 20% of total calories should come from fats.
Macronutrient
1,067 kcal
Total grams that should
be consumed in one
day
267 g
Protein
640 kcal
160 g
Fat
427 kcal
47 g
Carbohydrate
Total Kcal that should be
consumed in one day
Calculations
Carbohydrate:
2134. 034 (.5) = 1,067.0415 kcal
1,067.0415 kcal/ 4 g = 266.76 g
Protein: 2134. 034 (.3) =640.21
kcal 640.21 kcal/ 4 g = 160.05 g
Fat: 2134. 034 (.2)= 426.8 kcal
426.8 kcal / 9 g =47.42 g
Comparative Analysis of Actual and
Recommended Dietary Intake
I. Calories
After averaging all of the caloric needs, I am recommended to consume
2,530 kcal a day to fulfill my estimated energy requirements. My actual average
intake, as indicated by the 4-day ESHA results, is 1,969 kcal, which is under my
recommended intake. In order to feel more energized and support my physical
activity, I should adhere to the higher recommended caloric intake by consuming
approximately 560 more kcals from nutrient dense and healthy foods.
II. Macronutrients
According to the 4-day ESHA results, I averaged an intake of 238.65
grams of carbohydrates, which is 70% of what ESHA recommends for me. This
average is relatively close to, yet under, my calculated daily carbohydrate intake
of 267 grams. ESHA suggests a higher portion of my caloric intake should come
from carbohydrate, where I should have eat approximately 340 grams of
carbohydrates, or 1,360 kcals of carbohydrates. The RDA states that 45%-65%
of total calories should come from carbohydrates. My average intake from ESHA
as well as my calculated percentage falls within the RDA range. I think my
carbohydrate intake is acceptable.
Regarding protein, the RDA suggests that 10%-35% of your total calories
should come from protein. MyPlate states a woman my age should have 46
grams of protein each day. According to my 4-day average from ESHA, I
consumed 106.41 grams of protein, falling below my calculated protein need of
160 grams. ESHA also states I consumed 205% of their recommended protein
intake, which I found shockingly high. I am well over the RDA, however, I would
ideally like to consume protein on the upper RDA range to accommodate muscle
repair as a result of strength training exercises. While I am consuming enough
protein in relation to the RDA, I would like to consume more to support my
physical activity needs and goals.
As for total fat, my average intake was 75.3 grams, which fulfils nearly
98% of ESHA’s recommendation. In comparison, I calculated my recommended
intake of fat to be 47 grams, almost half of what I actually consumed on average.
The RDA would suggest 20%-35% of total calories come from fat, with a
maximum of 10% of those calories coming from saturated fat. Based on the
USDA Food Guide for a 2,000 calorie diet, 11% of calories should come from
monounsaturated fat, and 9% should come from polyunsaturated fat. ESHA
recommends I have 28 grams of monounsaturated fat and 25 grams of
polyunsaturated fat, while I only consumed 16 grams and 9 grams respectively.
My 4-day average reports that I was under their recommendation of saturated fat,
monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat, and total fat. After reviewing these
results, I need to be more mindful about the type of fat I am consuming. While I
am eating too many calories from fat, I should consume less saturated fat and
replace that with more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat by consuming
healthy oils, nuts, and flaxseed. I would like to increase my intake of
monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat to at least 20 grams a day each.
III. Calcium
The RDA for calcium is 1,000 mg/day. During my 4 day average, ESHA
calculated I consumed only 635 mg of calcium, which falls way less than the
RDA and ESHA’s recommendation of 1,000 mg/day. It is clear I need to be more
conscious of consuming more calcium. Already having osteoarthritis, it is crucial
that I strictly monitor my calcium intake to delay worse damage, and to prevent
osteoporosis. I will start to incorporate more sources of calcium in my diet such
as spinach, yogurt, and white beans. It is reasonable to also consider a calcium
supplement.
IV. Iron
The RDA for iron is 18 mg/ day for a woman my age. Without eating a lot
of red meat, this nutrient is always a concern for me. In my 4-day intake report, I
consumed an average of 16 mg each day. Exploration of an iron supplement
may be an idea to consider, but as for now risk for iron deficiency seems low.
V. Vitamin A.
According to the RDA, a woman my age should consume 700 retinol
activity equivalents (RAE) of Vitamin A. My average for my 4-day intake was 682
RAE, fulfilling 97% of ESHA’s recommendation. While I would rather be a little
the RDA instead of under, I am satisfied that on average, I consume nearly
enough Vitamin A.
VI. Vitamin C
Vitamin C has an RDA of 75 mg/ day. According to the recorded averages
from ESHA, I acquired an average of 150.8 mg of Vitamin C, covering over 200%
of ESHA’s recommendation. Since this is a water-soluble vitamin, I do not have
to worry about toxicity, as any excess will be safely excreted from my body.
VII. Nutrients of Concern
Reviewing my ESHA 4-day average, there are a few nutrients I am consuming
too few of, such as biotin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin E, Vitamin D, fluoride, chromium
iodine, and potassium. Each of these nutrients are reported to have fulfilled 60%
or less of the recommendation provided by ESHA. Fluoride is consumed the
least amount. A lot of these minerals are needed in smaller quantities that can be
met by diversifying the fruits and vegetables I incorporate into my diet. Vitamin D
is easily fulfilled by being in the sunlight, which I should acquire during my
outdoor runs or walking to classes. I should continue to drink tap water. However,
a supplement for biotin, B12 and Vitamin E should be considered if they are too
difficult to get through a typical diet.
VIII. Nutrients of Excess
Reviewing my ESHA 4-day average, there are a few nutrients I am
consuming too much of, such as copper, magnesium, sodium, and phosphorus.
The nutrient I am most concerned about is sodium. The RDA states the average
American should consume 2,300 mg of sodium, compared to my average intake
of 5,498 mg of sodium. It is essential I become very mindful of the amount of salt
I am using and vital to reduce my overall sodium intake.