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Animal Gas Exchange Systems Animal Group / Insect- locust example What are the habitats Air – land, flight, on of the animal? water (air breathing) What is the gas exchange surface? Thin membrane at end of tube in direct contact with cell Tracheal system What is the gas exchange organ called? What habitats are the Air organs restricted to? Fish- kahawai Mammal- sheep Under water (water breathing) Air – on land, in the sea (air breathing) Surface of lamella – thin membrane in water Gill Wet moist membrane in alveolus Lung (and alveolus) water Air What is exchanged? Oxygen, carbon dioxide Oxygen, carbon dioxide Food, O2, CO2, hormones, heat What is the method of exchange? Diffusion Counter current exchange Diffusion with moving blood supply Is the GE system separated from food transport? Name the parts of the GE system. yes no No Spiracle, trachea, tracheole, air sac, thin membrane Gill, buccal cavity, lamella, mouth, opercular Spiracle - trachea, tracheole - thin membrane Is there an O2 carrier No and what is it called? Mouth - buccal cavity – Gill – lamella opercula Yes - haemoglobin Nasal cavity, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli, diaphragm, epiglottis, intercostals Nasal cavity – trachea – bronchus – bronchiole alveoli, Yes - haemoglobin What size of animal does the GE system suit? How is O2 delivered to the cells? Small and simple Small to medium complex Small to very large very complex Tracheal system – diffusion directly through membrane Abdominal muscles By capillaries By capillaries Jaw muscles, Heart pumping blood Are there any special GE modifications? Air sacs Are there any aids to GE? Abdominal muscles Counter current exchange – gills/blood Water keeps membrane moist Intercostals muscles, diaphragm, heart, all involuntary Large surface area in lungs List the sequence of the GE system What muscles are involved in GE? What controls the GE Brain system? Respiratory centre in the brain Animal Group / example Fish- kahawai Insect- locust Mucous covered membrane Respiratory centre in the brain – detects CO2 levels Mammal- sheep