Download Sarlito Sarwono

Between indigenous and international psychology:
Towards a proper psychology curriculum.
Sarlito Wirawan Sarwono
Persada Indonesia University, Jakarta
[email protected]
7/19/14
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Early efforts of understanding human mind:
• Main questions since
ancient Greek (B.C.):
– What is mind?
– Is it identical with the
body (monism) or
different entities
(dualism)?
– Is it given by nature
(nativism) or learned
(empiricism)
September 2010
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The Reneisance
Francis Bacon (1561-1616):
Empiricism, inductive
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Rene Descartes (1596-1650):
Rationalism, deductive
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The influence of physiology:
Interaction of Body and Mind
Sir Charles Bell (1822) & Francois
Magendie (1811)
September 2010
The reflex arch
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Psychology as an independent science
W. Wundt: 1879, Psy. Lab, Leipzig
University; structuralism
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W. James: 1889, Chair of Psy,
Harvard University; Functionalism
5
I.P. Pavlov (1849-1936):
Classical conditioning
September 2010
6
Behaviorism
Stimulus-response theory
• Learning theory
• Operant conditioning
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BF Skinner (1904-1990) and
His teacher JB Watson (1878-1958)
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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
• Psychoanalysis
• Depth Psychology
• Unconsciousness
September 2010
8
Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)
• Field Theory
• Cognitive psychology
• B : f (P , E)
– Behavior is a function of
Personality and Environment.
• Here and now
September 2010
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Humanistic Psychology:
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
September 2010
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•S–O–R
Humanistic
• Stimulus -consciousness -unconsciousness
Cognitive
• Stimulus -Response
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
Main schools of psychology in 20th century
• Hierarchy of
motives
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Development of Western Psychology
Theory
(1879)
Structuralism
(W. Wundt)
Individual
Practice
Psychoanalysis
(S. Freud)
(1900)
Social
Application
(1940)
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T Group
(K. Lewin)
Functionalism
(W. James)
Behavior
Therapy
(J.B. Watson)
Client
Centered (C.
Roger)
Positive
Psychology
(M. Seligman)
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Development of Indonesian
Psychology
Individual
Practice
(1953)
Theory
First Indonessian
disertation
(1974)
(F. Hassan)
Social
Application
(1980)
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The right man in
the right place
(S. I. Santoso)
Psychology for
you (M.
Gandasubrata)
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Recent Development of International
Psychology: Internationalization
• International organizations (IUPsyS, IAAP, ICP)
• Regional organizations (South America, Asia,
South East Asia, South Asia, European, Pacific,
African etc)
• International organizations of specific branch of
psychology (cross cultural, sport, therapy, law,
environment, GLB, etc)
• International division of national organization
(Division 52 of APA)
• Indonesian psychologists start going international
7/19/14
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Recent Development of International
Psychology: Indigenous psychology
• Universal psychology paradigm doesn’t fit to
non-white Americans (Native, Hispanic,
Indian, Chinese etc) and native Australians
• Kim and Berry (1993), and Kim, Yang and
Hwang (2006) published books on indigenous
and cross cultural psychology
7/19/14
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Indigenous psychology in Indonesia
• Different ethnics, cultures, languages, geographical areas, etc.
• No standard of social norms, tradition, way of thinking and
even psychological test norms.
• Need of studies in indigenous and cross cultural psychology
• Sarwono, as dean of psychology, University of Indonesia
launched two new compulsory subjects (1999):
– Indigenous psychology
– Cross cultural psychology
• Recently the two subjects have been adopted by most
faculites of psychology in Indonesia.
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Change of Psychology curriculum in
Indonesia
•Philosophy
•Sociology
•Anthropology
•Physiology/Neurology
•Statistics
•Qualitative methodology
•Clinical psychology
Early stage (1960)
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Later stage (19902010)
•Philosophy
•Biology
•Quantitative methodology
•Clinical psychology
•Social Psychology
•Philosophy
•Biology
•Mixed method
•Clinical psychology
•Social Psychology
•Indigenous & cross cultural psychology
•Applied psychology
Current stage
(2011- …)
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