Download Chapter 3 Study Guide - Laurel Public Schools

Chapter 3
Section 1 Early Civilizations in India
The Impact of Geography
India is part of Asia-Describe it geographically
The text compares India’s diverse geography to something else-What was that comparison?
Mountains, Rivers, and Plains
Why are the Himalaya important?
List the two important river valleys. Describe why they were important.
What Plateau is listed in the text?
Where do most of the people live in India?
Monsoons
Describe the differences between summer and winter Monsoons
Why are the Monsoons important to food production?
Indus Valley Civilization
List the two cities that the text list.
Describe how the cities were planned.
How do we know they had a well organized government?
Rulers and the Economy
What were combined in Harappan rule?
What is a citadel?
How was the Indus similar to the Nile?
What did they trade with Mesopotamia? How did they carry their goods to market? (what body of water)
Migration and Interaction
List five possible reasons for the decline of civilization in the Indus valley
Arrival of the Aryans
Briefly explain how the Aryans spread across India and with whom intermixed with to form a new culture.
A New Way of Life
How did the Aryans increase their crop production?
What written language did they use?
Their writings reveal what about their political stability? Give examples
Their name for a Prince.
Daily Life in Ancient India
What was the ideal extended family?
Give examples of male dominance in the culture. What is a guru?
What was the expectation of children?
What was the expectation for women after their husband had died?
Social Class in Ancient India
What were the four social divisions called, and how were people ranked.
List each division, and give an example of each.
What system evolved that drew on the Aryan class divisions. Describe it.
What is the Indian for caste---why is It hard to escape your caste?
What is the lowest level ( outside the caste system) what did they have to do?
Religions of India
Where did the root of Hinduism come from? What are the Vedas?
What is Brahman? What is Atman?
What is yoga? What is its purpose?
Who are the three chief gods of Hinduism?
Principles of Hinduism
What is reincarnation?
What is Karma?
What is the dharma?
How does Hinduism preserve its class system? How is it justified?
Buddhism
Who is the founder of Buddhism?
What class was the Enlightened One from? What did he see that changed his life?
Who are ascetics?
What did Siddhartha do to find Enlightenment?
Do Buddha seek to form a new religion? What was he probably trying to do?
Principles of Buddhism
What are the Four Noble Truths?
What is the Eightfold Path? (Middle Path)
What causes human suffering?
What is Bodhi? It is also the root of Siddhartha usual name?
What is Nirvana? (not the band)
How is Buddhism’s view of reincarnation different from Hinduism?
Buddhism rejected what and forbade what?
Section 2
New Empires in India
Three New Empires
What two invaders led to the first Indian Empire?
The Mauryan Empire
List the two Mauryan rulers from the text.
Describe how the government was organized.
What religion did Asoka practice? Give examples of how he helped his people.
What happened to the Empire?
The Kushan Empire
What is Bactria known as today?
Trade between the Roman Empire and China flowed through Bactria via?
The Kushan Empire practiced which religions? What alphabet did they adapt?
The Empire of the Guptas
Why is the Gupta Empire also considered the Golden Age of Indian Culture? Why is it a model?
How did the Gupta profit from Religion?
What happened to the Empire? What nomadic tribes invaded?
Indian Accomplishments
Literature
What were the Vedas? ( You answered this earlier)
What is the Mahabharata? What is a stanza?
What is the most famous section of the Mahabharata? What was it about? What was its key point?
What is the Ramayana about? Who is the main character? His wife?
It is imbued with?
Who is the most famous author of India? His poem?
Architecture
What are the three types of structures? What were the functions of each?
Science and Mathematics
What did Aryabhata use? List achievements in astronomy. List the numerical system
Section 3
Early Chinese Civilizations
The Impact of Geography
How diverse is China?
Rivers and Mountains
List the two major rivers from the text. Provide both names each river is referred.
How did geography isolate China? List specific peoples they came into conflict.
Climate
List all the climate regions in China.
The Shang Dynasty
What is an aristocracy?
What city became the capital? Describe it.
Political and Social Structure
Briefly explain the relationship between Kings and warlords.
Describe the burial rituals for the King.
Describe how Society was structured.
Religion and Culture
How did the priests communicate with the gods?
What does “veneration of ancestors” mean?
What practice continues day in China? (to accompany the dead)
What art form was found in Shang tombs?
The Zhou Dynasty
Political Structure
How was the Zhou similar to the Shang in terms of governance?
What was the Zhou’s claim to rule? Explain it.
How was this mandate “double edged” what were the responsibilities of the King? What is the “Way” called?
Explain how the people had “rights” to do what to a ineffective ruler? What did it say about the king being divine?
Explain the Dynastic cycle
The Fall of the Zhou Dynasty
Why did the Dynasty eventually fail?
Describe the changes in warfare
Social Structure
Land ownership was similar to whom?
How were the Merchants and Artisans treated?
What was the basic economic and social unit in China?
What crop strengthened the need for an efficient working family?
Explain filial piety-how did it work?
What were the male roles in Zhou society? Women? Did women sometimes take on men’s roles? What was the result.
Zhou Accomplishments
List two advancements in farming, and the result of increased food production
What item was most important in trade with other civilizations?
Explain Pictographs and Ideographs.
Chinese Philosophy
What was the major concern for Chinese philosophers?
Confucianism
Confucius’ writings were collected in?
Where did his interests in philosophy lie?
What is the Confucian view of the Dao (Way)?
What are the Five Constant Relationships?
What did Confucius teach about humans?
What is the second view of the Dao? ((Humanity)
What was Confucius’ most significant political idea? Explain it.
What class would not have a popular view of this concept?
Daoism
Whose teachings was this philosophy based upon?
What was the name of the work in which he outlined his ideas?
What is the focus of Daoism (like Confucianism)
How does Daoism differ from Confucianism?
Legalism
What did a ruler need to make common people serve him?
Section 4
Rise and Fall of Chinese Empires
The Qin Dynasty
How did a Chinese historian describe Qin Shihuangdi?
List the achievements of the Qin Dynasty
The Emperor’s Army
Describe it.
How did the artisans achieve individuality in the figures?
The Great Wall
What is the Gobi? Who were the Xiongnu?
What did Qin Shihuangdi call his wall? What did it mean?
Did they build the wall we see today? Explain.
Political Changes
What is a regime?
What is ideology?
What were the three parts of the centralized bureaucracy?
How did civil servants get their jobs?
What did the Qin dynasty do with the aristocrats’ land?
Fall of the Qin Dynasty
List the disgruntled factions of the Qin Dynasty.
What does instituted mean?
The Han Dynasty
Who was the founder of the Han? What was his title and what did it mean?
Political and Social Structures
What philosophy was replaced? What now was the new philosophy?
What practice did they retain concerning civil service?
How did the Han improve civil service?
List what emperors that expanded the empire and describe how large the empire became.
What happened to the free peasants? Describe what happened to the land? Who got it back?
Technology and Culture
Iron casting technology led to the development of what?
How did the Chinese improve transportation on the seas?
What was the purpose of the Confucian classics?
Fall of the Han Empire
List some of the events that were weakening the Empire