Download The Respiratory System

Respiratory System
Structures
Gas
Exchange
Diseases
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
• You breath in and out 15 times
per minute
• With physical activity breathing
increases. Why??
• On average the lungs move
10 000 L of air in and out of the
lungs each day
• Responsible for providing O2 to
the cells and removing CO2 from
the body
• Works in conjunction with the
circulatory system
The Respiratory System
Made up of the:
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Nose (Nasal Cavity)
Mouth
Pharynx (Throat)
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lung
– Bronchioles
– Alveoli
The Adams Apple!!
• Larynx: The larynx is the
portion of the respiratory tract
containing the vocal cords
which produce vocal sound.
• It is located between the
pharynx and the trachea.
• The Adams apple is cartilage
surrounding the larynx to
protect it
The Adams Apple
• You can find your larynx by touching the front of
your throat and humming
• When the larynx grows larger during puberty, it
sticks out at the front of the throat. This is
what's called an Adam's apple.
• During puberty, a girl's larynx doesn't grow as
much as a boy's. That’s why boys generally have
a more prominent Adams Apple.
The Respiratory System
Air Enters through the
nose and mouth
Passes through the
pharynx (throat)
Down the trachea
Splits evenly into the 2
bronchi
Splits into bronchioles
Enters the Alveoli
The Trachea
• The trachea (windpipe) is supported
by rings of cartilage (connective
tissue)
– Gives it a rigid feel (try it!)
– Keeps it open
• Splits into two bronchi
Gas Exchange
• Main purpose of the
respiratory system
• Each bronchi branches until
it ends in tiny air sacs
called alveolus where gas
exchange occurs
• At the lungs, O2 enters the
blood stream and CO2
leaves
• Each alveolus have very thin
walls and are surrounded by
capillaries
• In the alveoli O2 enters the
blood stream and CO2 leaves
Breathing
• The process of moving air
into (inhalation) and out
of the lungs (exhalation)
• Involves muscles which
move the rib cage and a
large sheet of muscle
called the diaphragm
• Controlled by the amount
of CO2 in the blood
Other Animals
• Many animals have similar respiratory systems whose
goal is to make O2 available and rid the body of CO2
• Fish use gills for gas exchange
• The capillaries inside the gills remove the O2 from the
water
– That is why some fish need to be continually
swimming to survive
Fish Gas Exchange
Diseases of the Respiratory System
• Tuberculosis (TB)
– Infectious disease (easily passed between people)
– Causes by bacteria entering your lungs
– Symptoms include: fever, cough, weight loss,
tiredness and chest pain
– Can be fatal if not treated
– Can be diagnosed with an
x-ray
Asthma
Asthma Attack
• Severe allergic reaction characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
• Less air sent to alveoli
Emphysema
• Condition in
which the alveoli
walls deteriorate,
causing the lungs
to lose their gas
exchange ability
• Can be caused by
smoking
Pneumonia
• Condition in which the alveoli become filled
with fluid, preventing the exchange of gases
Other Diseases of the Respiratory System
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles
(branch of bronchi)
Lung cancer
Irregular & uncontrolled growth of tumors in
the lung tissue
Respiratory System Structural Review
Connecting the
Respiratory System, the
Circulatory System and
the rest of the body
Oxygen Transport
from Lungs to Cells