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Where to look - Pests! Insects Nematodes Weeds Diseases Rodents and other small mammals Original Presentation by Virginia Tech Modified by the Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office November 2005 Basic classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk Starting at the beginning: 4 types of Phyla: Arthropoda ( insects, spiders, mites, millipedes) Aschelminthes (roundworms) Platyhelminthes (Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms) Mollusca (snails, slugs, clams) Arthropoda Phyla is divided into classes: Crustacea (Crayfish, sowbugs) Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites) Insecta ( bugs, beetles, butterflies) Classification cont. Insecta Class is divided into Orders: Orthoptera (grasshoppers) Homoptera (aphids) Coleoptera (beetles) Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies) Diptera (flies) Dermoptera (earwigs) Hemiptera (true bugs) Hymenoptera (ants, bees) Rules to fall into Classes and Orders Arachnida: must have 2 body segments or parts must have 4 pairs of legs *some mites are major plant pests Insects: all have three body regions: head, thorax, abdomen 3 pairs of legs 1 pair of antennae 0 to 2 pairs of wings Head Body Parts Antennae: segmented, vary in form. Primarily the smell organ Mouthparts: rasping-sucking chewing-lapping piercing-sucking Body Parts Thorax: made of 3 sections, each containing a pair of legs legs are jointed used for digging, feeling, swimming, and cleaning Wings - differ for each insect serve as an identification tool “-ptera” means with wings Metamorphosis Development of the body after birth Gradual (or incomplete) - insect’s life cycle changes from egg through the nymph to adult nymph, similar to adult except for size and color aphids, leafhoppers, mole crickets Complete - 4 life stages egg, larvae, pupae, adult larvae looks nothing like adult pupae is a transformation stage caterpillars-moths, grubs-beetles, maggots-flies Beneficial Insects Not all insects are bad for agriculture They help: pollinate plants improve soil destroy harmful insects Other types of pests Nematodes Southern root-knot nematodes on pepper plant roots. Weeds This weed is leafy spurge. Other types of pests Diseases Rodents and other animals