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Muscles of the abdominal wall, trunk muscles 1. Muscles that move the vertebral column 2. Muscles of the thorax 3. Muscles of the abdominal wall 1. muscles of vc, bend, twist, stretch the trunk erector spinae: deep to trapezius and latissimus dorsi either side of vc 2. muscles of thorax: involved in breathing ` external intercostals(most lateral) elevate ribs internal intercostals(most medial) depress ribs diaphragm: large horizontal muscle that separates thoracis and abdominal cavities contracts – pushes down on abdom. Cav expands thoracic cav(pressure decreases, inhalation results. 3. Muscles of abdominal wall Flex and rotate vc and compress abdominal cav Shields the organs of ac Linea alba: (ridge of CT) vertical line from sternum to Navel Rectus abdominis: each side of linea alba Tendinous inscriptions create the 6 pack look( inserts at xyphoid, origin pubic symphysis) Acts in opposition to the erector spinae External oblique, lateral to rectus abdominis, most Superficial,( Internal oblique: beneath external oblique Transverse abdominis, most deep These 3 groups are named for the orientation of the muscle. Lower limb muscles Muscles that move the thigh, leg and foot and toes Located in pelvic region, origin = coxal bones, insertion = femur Iliopsoas(ilium(hip)and loin(psoas)) – flexes thigh Tensor fasciae latae – most lateral to thigh Abducts, flexes medially rotates thigh Tenses the iliotibial-tract tendon(ct from ilium to tibia) the tensor fasciae latae tightens the ittt . the tfl is a short band of muscle anterior to the ittt and extends down just to top of thigh. Posterior to pelvis: gluteus maximus: biggest butt muscle Extends the thigh when thigh is flexed Gluteus medius: superior and lateral to maximus Site for injections Abducts, medially rotates thigh Muscles that move thigh as primary function, to adduct the thigh Located in medial portion of thigh Adductor longus(most lateral), Adductor magnus(mid) Gracilis(most medial) Muscles that move the leg Dual functions, move the thigh and move the leg Located in thigh Anterior group: extend the leg, flex the thigh Posterior group: flex the leg, extend the thigh Anterior group(extend the leg, flex the thigh) Sartorius: long narrow muscle, extends from ilium to proximal end of tibia, allows us to sit cross-legged Quadriceps femoris: primary extensors of leg 4 different origins but one common tendinous insertion (insert on the patella via quadriceps tendon, then onto the patellar tendon which attaches to the tibial tuberosity) 3 vastus muscles along shaft of femur vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius(deep to rf) and vastus medialis all 3 vastus muscles cradle the rectus femoris like a hotdog in a bun. Posterior thigh muscles: (flex the leg, extend the thigh) Biceps femoris, semismembranosus, and semitendinosus Origin along edge of pelvis , insert on tibia and fibula Contractions produce flexion at knee Bf, Sm, and st, collectively called hamstring muscles Hyperextension at the hip, as in a sprint, can “pull a hamstring” Locking of the knee During full extension Slight lateral rotation of tibia Popliteus muscle – origin on lateral condyl of femur, inserts on posterior tibial shaft( a crosses from anterior to posterior) , – relaxes to lock knee, allowing tibia to rotate Contraction, slight medial rotation of tibia, knee flexes