Download Energy levels of various orbitals MEMORIZE ! 1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p

Energy levels of various orbitals
For hydrogen, energy level depend only on n
For multielectron atoms (all others) - energy levels depend on both n and l
A diagram which shows the orbital energy levels for both is shown below.
MEMORIZE !
Order of orbital energy levels (from low to high energy) for
multielectron atoms
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p <4d < 4f
.
Questions
1. Identify the shell and subshell of an orbital with the quantum numbers
n = 3, l = 1, ml = 1.
Ans: 3px
(the ml is related to the spatial orientation of the orbital
and can have a value of x, y or z (see figure of p
n l ml
orbitals below)
2. Give the orbital notations for electrons in orbitals with the following
set of quantum #
(a) n = 2, l = 1, ml = 1 (b) n = 4, l = 3, ml = -2 (c ) n =3, l = 2, ml = -1
Ans
2p
4f
3d
1
5.8 The Shapes of Orbitals
The shape of a given orbital is defined by the quantum number l.
When l = 0
called a s orbital
When l = 1
called a p
When l = 2
called a d
When l = 3
called a f
and so forth
s
orbitals
1.
All s orbitals are spherical
2.
3.
Probability of finding an electron depends only on the
distance of the electron from the nucleus
Differences among s orbitals in different shells are:
- size increases in successively higher shells
- electron distribution in outer s oribtals have region of
max. probability separated by a node (a surface of zero
probability)
Figure represents (a) 1s (b) 2s and (c) 3s orbitals. Note the nodes
of zero probability in 2s and 3s orbitals
3s
2s
1s
2
px orbital
py orbital
pz orbital
d orbitals
1. there are 5 types of d orbitals
2. four are cloverleaf shape where there are 4 lobes of max. electron probability
separated by two nodal planes through the nucleus
3. A dz2 orbital similar in shape to a pz orbital
f orbitals and beyond
There are seven types of f orbitals DO NOT NEED TO
KNOW SHAPES
Representations of the five 3d orbitals
3
This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.daneprairie.com.
The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only.