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Lesson 2
ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF LIFE
RECAP TIME
BIO FACTS
Competencies
1. Identify, review & formulate the
concepts of Evolution
2. Identify the characteristics of Life
(15 mins) Short film showing “Human Origins”
Guide Questions:
1. What is Evolution?
2. How did human evolve through time?
What was the triggering factors of evolution?
1. Judeo-Christian View
– All beings were locked into a
natural hierarchy perpetuated by
the Chain of Being.
2. Carl Linnaeus Theory
– Systema Naturae – which placed human in
the same origin/order – Primata as apes and
monkeys.
3. Jean de Baptiste Lamarck
– Spontaneous Generation Theory -acquired
characteristics could be inherited and therefore
could evolve.
4. 19th Century – Sir Charles Lyell
– Principles of Geology
George Cuvier – anti-evolutionist – catastrophism
accounted changes in fossils.
5. Charles Darwin
– Natural Selection – rejected the notion that each
species were created independently.
- 1858 – presented the theory
- 1859 – published the book – Origin of Species
- “ I am fully convinced that species are not immutable;
but those belonging to what we called the same
genera are lineal descendants.
- 1871 – published the book – Descent of Man
Geological Time and
Types of Life Evolved
A. Archean – 3500 MYA
– Chemical Evolution resulting in the formation of
cells (3500 MYA).
- Stromatolites formed. Earth is born 4600MYA.
B. Proterozoic – 2500 MYA
– Multicellular eukaryotic animals appear. First
eukaryotic cells appear. Oxygen producing bacteria
present.
C. Paleozoic - 590-285 MYA
- Evolution of Vertebrates
1. Cambrian – 590 MYA –
Major extinction of the
trilobites. Origin of the main
invertebrate phyla.
2. Ordovician – 500 MYA
-First chordates appear. Pikaia
Major extinction of marine species.
3. Silurian – 430 MYA
– Notochord becomes flexible as single rod and replaced by
separate pieces as seen in Ostracoderms (first vertebrate)
cartilaginous fish with bony armor.
4. Devonian – 410 MYA
– Age of fishes. Amphibians also appear.
5. Carboniferous – 370 MYA
– First reptiles and arthropods, coal deposits,
-horsetail, ferns and seed-bearing plants are abundant.
- Fungi also appear.
6. Permian – 285 MYA
– Major extinction occur. Conifers appear.
D. Mesozoic – 250 – 130 MYA
- Evolution of Mammals
1. Triassic – 250 MYA – small dinosaurs appear.
Coelophysis bauri – lizard like, bi-pedal, herbivores
2. Jurassic – 210 MYA
– Large dinosaur dominant. First bird mammal.
3. Cretaceous – 130 MYA
– Major extinction of dinosaurs. Flowering plants appear.
Insects become more diverse.
E. Cenozoic – 65 – 1 MYA – Evolution of Primates.
1. Paleocene – 65 MYA -small mammals undergo adaptive radiation
2. Eocene – 54 MYA- Origin of Eohippus.
3. Oligocene – 38MYA –
Monkey-like primate appear - Mesopithecus Pentelicus
The remains of the Mesopithecus
Pentelicus _ a monkey-like animal, a
little more than 3 feet long _ were
found in the northern Halkidiki
peninsula, .
4. Miocene – 26MYA
-Origin of first human-like forms.
- Australopithecus afarensis
5. Pliocene – 7 MYA -First humans
History of Discovery: Eugène Dubois, a Dutch
surgeon, found the first Homo erectus
individual (Trinil 2) in Indonesia in 1891. In
1894, Dubois named the species
Pithecanthropus erectus, or 'erect ape-man.'
6. Pleistocene – Homo sapiens
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
9. Adaptation
to
Changes
8. Response
to stimuli
1.Organized
Protoplasm
10. Ability
to Move
7. Definite
Life span
2.Cellular
Organization
6. Ability
to
Reproduce
3. Constant
Energy
Requirements
5. Definite
Size & Form
4. Ability to
grow
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
1. MADE UP OF PROTOPLASM – THEN TO CELL
2. THE SAME METABOLIC PROCESSES.
CHIEF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
PLANTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Autotrophic
Rigid cell wall with cellulose
Oxygen is a waste product
restricted movement
variable body size & shape
Organs are added externally
restricted response
Carbohydrates as starch
spores/asexual reproduction
ANIMALS
1. Heterotrophic
2. none. Cell membrane
3. CarbonDioxide
4. locomotive
5. fixed
6. internally added
7. pronounced response
8. glycogen
9. fertilization
Application “ Q & A
1. How has the knowledge on Evolution helped you
understand the origin of Life?
2. For 10 minutes, I would like you to construct your
own theory of Evolution of Species. Prepare a sketch
in your drawing pad. Give the title. And the prepare to
Tell your story. Template 2.