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Recap
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1774- Louis XVI became King
1789- Third Estate- as ___________________________________- assumed power
1791- Legislative Assembly, with Louis XVI as constitutional monarch, began rule
1792- Monarchy suspended and National Convention began governing
1793- Louis XVI ____________
1795- _______________________ took control
1799- Consulate established, with Napoleon as First Consul
1804- Napoleon crowned ___________________
1814- Napoleon overthrown and Bourbon monarchy _________________
Napoleon Bonaparte
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“_______________ is never content even on the summit of greatness.”
Born in Corsica as an ItalianBecame a French citizen at the age of 1
Became ____________ (all power held by a single person) of France for 10 years in
1799 when he launched a ___________ (stroke of state) against the Directory
The people readily accepted the coup d'etat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799.
The revolution was over. Or was it?
Napoleon’s Rise to Power
• Early Success
• 1793, drove British forces out of Toulon.
• Defeated the _______________ in multiple battles, forcing the Hapsburg emperor
to make peace.
• Set up a three-man governing board known as the _________________.
• Took the title of first consulate and in 1802 had himself named consul for ______.
• Napoleon was immediately at war with the _________________________ (countries
united against France)
• Coalitions were formed because other European Monarchs did not want their people to
see the French get away with killing their king and starting Republics.
• Napoleon as a Military Leader
• Wave of victories
• Awesome General – People liked/loved him
• A New France, A New Emperor
• By 1804, Napoleon had enough _________ to become Emperor.
• Napoleon knew he had support as he held a ___________, or ballot in which
voters say yes or no. Each time, the French strongly supported him.
General Reforms
 Equality of _______
 Freedom of ______________
 Basic liberties
 Stabilized _______ prices
 Restored ___________
 Class Equality
 Limits on ___________ rights
 Rebuilt Paris
 Limits on political rights and
 Got rid of ___ day week (& calendar)
freedom of speech and press
Legal Reform:
 NO LAWS APPLIED TO ____________
 The Napoleonic Code – single set of
______ for all of France
Napoleonic Code
 ______________________ Principles
 Equality of all citizens, religious ________________.
 However, women lost most of their newly gained rights.
Class Reforms
 Gave back land and political _______
1. ______________
3. ________________
 Improved Catholic’s status
 Stabilized markets and trade
 Gave back _______
 Lowered ___________
 Dropped state controls
Peasants
2. ________________
 __________
 Allowed nobility to return from ____
 Lowered _______ prices
Building an Empire
• A New European Empire
• Napoleon __________, or added outright to France _______ including the
Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany.
• The Battle of Trafalgar
• French _________ defeat at the hands of the British.
• The Continental System
• _________________ warfare waged against the British by closing European ports
to British goods. The British responded with its own ______________.
• This plan did not defeat the British; instead ___________ grew as __________
throughout Europe rose.
The Congress of Vienna
• Gathering of __________________
• Dignitaries from Austria, Russia, Britain and France met after the battle of
Waterloo.
• Goals of the Congress
• Create a lasting peace between the ____ nations. By _______________, or
restoring monarchies, Europe was returned to the “_________________.”
• Balance of Power
• A policy that no one state should be in the position to threaten the
________________________ of another.
• Problems of the Peace
• Defeating Napoleon led to tremendous __________________ within the
victorious countries. The Congress however redrew national boundaries without
concern for national ___________________. This angered European countries
and eventually caused the Quadruple Alliance to break apart.
THREE BLUNDERS
1. ________ – kicked out old king and put his _________, Joseph, in charge of Spain. Spanish
fought back with help from the British. Guerrilla Warfare destroyed the French. Napoleon has
to ___________ (300,000 French killed)
2. _________________________ Napoleon tried to isolate __________ with Britain (to hurt
their economy), but it backfired.
Battle of Trafalgar - Napoleon lost to the British navy. This was Napoleon’s ______ major
defeat
BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR
British
French
Lord Nelson
Admiral Villeneuve
Crosses the T” the British have better
More _________________________
___________________, faster fire of
ships
__________ and shoot the hull of the
Shoot ________________ into rigging
ship
3. _______ (1812) Napoleon goes in with ___________ + troops, comes back with _________
 Czar Alexander I withdraws from the Continental System due to
_____________________________ frustrations.
 Napoleon responds by sending 400,000 soldiers to Russia. Instead of ____________,
Russians retreat East, burning crops and villages (_________________) as they went.
 When Napoleon entered Moscow he realized he could not _________ his troops so
he returned home with only 10,000 troops.
While Napoleon was “down,” the other countries ganged up to defeat him at the Battle of
Leipzig (_________________________) - 1813
Napoleon gives up the throne and was _______________________
____ Days - Napoleon’s return to power
 People didn’t like Louis XVIII (______________ of the guillotined king)
 Napoleon escaped Elba (____________ fled)
 Napoleon regained full power
 Napoleon: best ____________ is a good ______________. He attacked the British
General __________________________________ (Belgium)
 Napoleon was defeated for the final time
Waterloo
 After returning from exile Napoleon fought the British and Prussian armies at Waterloo,
Belgium. The French ____ in a day long battle and Napoleon was forced into exile again.
 This time he’s sent to ________________, between Africa and South America
 He died in 1821 of a _______________ ailment.
LEGACY
Rise of _______________
 ·Division of people by ___________
not ___________________
 ·People willing to go to war based on
_________________________
 ·Wars to ____________ city-states,
_____________ empires
 Need for:
 · Coalitions and alliances
 ______________ as an option to war
 Spread of ideas:
 Political philosophy
 Revolution as an option
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 Rise of a professional military
VI. Legacies of the French Revolution
• A revolutionary___________
• A Mass political consciousness
• Varying _______________________
of the Revolution
--Conservative View: Edmund Burke
--Liberal View: Thomas Jefferson
• Conflict within the Liberal Tradition
• ______________________________
______________________________
• End of _____________________
• Power of nobles ended
• Peasants became landowners
• Nationalism
• Enlightenment ideals