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Sociology 1.28.13
• Unit 1– Religion-- Islam
• 1. Overview– Islam
• 2. Scavenger Hunt– Islam– 50 points total– Skip around
• I have the Islam posted but you will have to research to do
about 2/3 or it.
• Get your own i-pad
• Ideal Groups are 2 or 3 ( No 4’s )
• If you choose your group(s) then….
• You may not discuss with any other groups
50-1=49 -2= 47
-4=43
-8=35
-16=19
Islam: Followers are called Muslims
Sociological Themes in Religion (commonality)
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1. Confession, Profession
2. A Pilgrimage
3. Giving Alms, Charity
4. Acts of Humility (others)
5. The Supernatural/Miraculous Events
Faith: The substance of things hoped for, the
evidence of things not seen”
• 6. Messianic Leaders/Founders
• 7. Personal Sacrifice- Gestures, Signs
• 8. Conversion- Acts of Penitence
Islam– What is it?
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Islam ‫ اإلسالم‬al-ʾislām is a MONOTHEISTIC and ABRAHAMIC RELIGION articulated by the QURAN OR
KORAN, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatum word of GOD (Arabic: ‫ هللا‬ALLAH) and by
the teachings of MUHAMMED, considered by them to be the last PROPHET OF GOD. An adherent OR
FOLLWER of Islam is called a MUSLIM.
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Muslims believe that God is ONE AND INCOMPARABLE and the PURPOSE OF EXISTANCE is to love and
serve God. Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a PRIMORDIAL
FAITH that was revealed at many times and places before, including through 1. ABRAHAM, 2. MOSES, 3.
JESUS whom they consider PROPHETS.
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They maintain that the previous messages and revelations have been partially MISINTERPRETTED OR
ALTERED over time, but consider the Arabic Qur'an to be both the unaltered and the final revelation of
God. Religious concepts and practices include the FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM , which are basic concepts
and obligatory acts of WORSHIP, and following ISLAMIC LAW, which touches on virtually every aspect of
life and society.
Sunni vs. Shiia
Some laws in Saudi Arabia– Separation of Church and State?
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Being poor is against the law. Any man not earning a “reasonable” income can be imprisoned.
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From Jeddah to Riyadh there are two highways: one for Muslims, another for “infidels”. If a
Muslim is accompanied by an “infidel”, both are required to use the highway for infidels.
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If an oil field is found in your garden you must report it to the state before digging a bore hole
greater than 5000 feet.
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It is against the law to possess any type of alcoholic beverage.
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It is considered an offense if a woman appears in public, unless accompanied by a male
relative or guardian.
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It is illegal to engage in any religious practice other than Islam.
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It is illegal to import any books featuring Christian symbols such as a cross.
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It is illegal to kiss a stranger.
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Male doctors may not examine women, and women doctors cannot examine men.
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Woman are not allowed to drive a car.
Differences
• for Sunni Muslims, approximately 90 percent of the Muslim
world
• The Sunni branch believes that the first four caliphs-Mohammed's successors--rightfully took his place as the
leaders of Muslims.
• Shiites, in contrast, believe that only the heirs of the fourth
caliph, Ali, are the legitimate successors of Mohammed
Sunnis vs. Shiites
• Another difference between Sunnis and Shiites has to do with
the Mahdi, “the rightly-guided one” whose role is to bring a
just global caliphate into being.
• A caliphate (from the Arabic‫ خالفة‬or khilāfa, Turkish: Hilafet) is
an Islamic state led by a supreme religious as well as political
leader known as a caliph (meaning literally a successor, i.e. a
successor to the prophet Mohammad).
• As historian Timothy Furnish has written,"The major
difference is that for Shi`is he has already been here, and will
return from hiding; for Sunnis he has yet to emerge into
history: a comeback v. a coming out, if you will."
• There are five duties that one must
live by if one is a Muslim, these are
often called the Five Pillars of
Islam.
1.
• Shahada This is the main religious belief of
all Muslim people and it is a declaration of
their faith. The English words are;
• There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is
the messenger of Allah. Or as some
muslims prefer... "There is no god but the
One God" meaning there is only one God
for all mankind. Anyone who says these
words and means it can become a Muslim.
2.
• Salah This is prayer. Muslims pray five times a day and follow
a special ritual to do so. Firstly they wash (wudu). This is a
special process...
• Wash hands up to the wrist three times
• Wash mouth three times
• Wash nostrils, breathing in and out through the nose three times
• Wash one's face three times
• Wash arms up to elbows three times
• Wipe head with wet hands, forehead to back, back to forehead
• The inside of the ears are cleaned with the wet forefinger then the back
of the ears with the thumb
• Wash feet up to the ankles three times
• Raise one's face to the sky, pointing up with the index finger.
2. continued
• The water must be pure, if there is no clean
water symbolically, the face and arms are
just wiped with the hands. The prayers are
all said at the same times each day:
• Fajr- Morning, between dawn and sunrise
• Zuhr - Mid-day or early afternoon
• Asr - Late afternoon
• Maghrib - Evening, around sunset
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• Isah - Night, before going to bed
3.
• ZAKAT
This is about looking after other
people. Each Muslim gives up a share
of his wealth each year to provide for
those less fortunate. The word zakat
means to purify or cleanse. As the
person gives up a share of his or her
wealth they become cleansed from
selfishness and greed. This money
might be to provide education, keep
up or build mosques or help the
needy.
4.
• HAJJ
All Muslims have a duty to try to make a
pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in Makkah at
least once during their lifetime. Very
often whole families will save to send one
person at a time. The men who make the
pilgrimage wear an ihram which is made
up of two sheets. They must not be sewn.
Also they wear special open shoes. This
clothing is a symbol of peace and
obedience to God. The pilgrimage follows
a set pattern.
5.
• SAUM
This is all about Ramadan. The ninth month of the Islam
calendar. It is special because it is when Muhammad
(Pbuh) began receiving the messages from God. For
thirty days Muslims fast, they do not eat or drink during
daylight hours. It start when the new moon is seen at
the start of the month and ends when the new moon is
seen again at the end of the month. The fast is to
remind them how difficult it is to be poor, hungry and
thirsty in a hot place. It reminds them to thank God for
his gift of the Qur'an. It also serves to make them think
about the essentials and luxuries of life and so not be
greedy.
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During Ramadan…..9th Month, 29 days
• Obtain from Alcohol (All Times)
• Do not eat in public
• or 30 days. It is the Islamic month
of fasting, in which
participating Muslims refrain
from eating, drinking, smoking and sex
during daylight hours and is intended to
teach Muslims about patience, spirituality,
humility and submissiveness to God.
Famous American Muslims
Famous American Muslims
• Ice Cube
• Snoop Dog
• Muhammed Ali
• Kareem Abdul Jabar
• Rasheed Wallace
• Star Terms you know and can roughly
define now
• Box Terms that you have heard of and
have an idea of the meaning but not
sure.
• Circle terms you do not know
Cultures-- Targets
• SS-HS-2.1.1
• Students will explain how belief systems, knowledge,
technology and behavior patterns define cultures and
help to explain historical perspectives and events in the
modern world.
• DOK 2
• SS-HS-2.2.1
• Students will explain how various human needs are met
through interaction in and among social institutions (e.g.,
family, religion, education, government, economy) in the
modern world.
World Religions
World Religions
World Religion Regions
World Religions
U.S. Religions:
What pattern do you see? Ex. “Bible Belt”
Buddhism
What is Buddhism?
• 350 million– 4th Largest of ALL
Religions
“Suffering”
• 1. Truth of Suffering (Dukkah)
• 2. Truth of the Cause of Suffering
(Samudaya)
• 3. Truth of the End of Suffering
(Nirhodha)
• 4. Truth of the Path that leads us from
Buddhism
• Zen Buddhism
• Translated= “Absorption or Meditative State”
• In America….Zen-Christianism (Pacific
Northwest) (Phil Jackson)
Buddhism– Dalai Lama
Buddhism
• Buddhism is a RELIGION and PHILOSOPHY encompassing a
variety of (1) traditions, (2)beliefs and (3)practices.
• largely based on teachings attributed to…..
SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA, commonly known as
the BUDDHA (Sanskrit for "the awakened one"). The Buddha
lived and taught in the eastern part of INDIAN SUBCONTINENTTIBET some time between the 6th and 4th centuries B.C.
• He is recognized by Buddhists as an…..
AWAKENED or ENLIGHTENED TEACHER who shared his
insights to HELP HUMAN BEINGS END IGNORANCE of
DEPENDENT ORIGINATION, thus escaping what is seen as
a CYCLE OF SUFFERING AND RE BIRTH.
Buddhism 563 B.C.
• Suffering: is Life. Desire is the cause
of suffering, end desire and you end
suffering. This is the highest level of
Enlightenment
Buddhism: The ‘Impermanence of Life”
Buddhism Movie
• “The Little Buddha”
The Dalai Lama
Buddhism
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SS-HS-2.2.1
Students will explain how various human needs are met through interaction in and among social institutions (e.g., family,
religion, education, government, economy) in the modern world (1500 A.D. to present) and the United States
(Reconstruction to present).
SS-HS-2.3.1
Students will explain the reasons why conflict and competition (e.g., violence, difference of opinion, stereotypes,
prejudice, discrimination, genocide) may develop as cultures emerge in the modern world (1500 A.D. to present)
and the United States (Reconstruction to present).
DOK 2
SS-HS-2.3.2
Students will explain and give examples of how compromise and cooperation are characteristics that influence
interaction (e.g., peace studies, treaties, conflict resolution) in the modern world (1500 A.D. to present) and the
United States (Reconstruction to present).
DOK 2
Sociology 1.25.13
• Unit 1 Comparative Demographics
1. Hinduism– Overview--Turn in your notes on Religion Handout today
2. Crash Course in Buddhism 10 minutes• 3. Clock Buddies Review– Buddhism and Hinduism
• 4. Current Events – Channel One News and Week in Rap
World Religions
Hinduism
Hinduism
Hinduism
• The Caste System
Hinduism
• The Caste System
• Reincarnation
• Sanskrit ( writing)
• Karma
• Yoga
Hinduism
Hinduism- The Bendi
Bendi or Talaka
• ,,,,
• From Vedic times, the bindi was created as a means to worship one's
intellect. Therefore, it was used by both men and women. The
worship of intellect was in order to use it to ensure our thoughts,
speech, actions, habits and ultimately our character becomes pure.
• In meditation, this very spot between the eyebrows (Bhrumadhya) is
where one focuses his/her sight, so that it helps concentration.
• The encyclopedic dictionary of Yoga informs that this 'Ajna Chakra' is
also called the 'Third eye'. This center is connected with the sacred
syllable 'Om' and presiding it is 'ParaaShiva'. After activation of this
center, the aspirant overcomes 'Ahamkar' (ego or sense of
individuality), the last hurdle on the path of spirituality.
Talaka
• In Hinduism,
the tilaka, tilak or tika (Sanskrit: तिल
क tilaka; Hindustani
pronunciation: [t̪ɪˈlək] tilak)[1] is a
mark worn on the forehead and other
parts of the body. Tilaka may be worn
on a daily basis or for special religious
occasions
Talaka
• The tilaka symbolizes the third eye, or mind's eye, associated
with many Hindu deities, and the idea of meditation and
spiritual enlightenment. The red dot or "Tika" represents the
third eye. In the past, tilakas were usually worn by gods,
priests, ascetics, or worshippers, but is now a common
practice for most Hindus. It can express which Hindu tradition
one follows
Hinduism
• Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs
include (but are not restricted
to), Dharma (ethics/duties), Samsāra (
The continuing cycle of birth, life,
death and rebirth), Karma (action and
subsequent
reaction), Moksha (liberation
from samsara), and the
various Yogas(paths or practices).[72]
Famous American Buddhists
• Here's some famous Buddhists: Add more if you can.
Brad Pitt
Sharon Stone
Keanu Reeves
Leonard Cohen
Uma Thurman
Leonardo Dicaprio
Patrick Duffy
Harrison Ford
Alanis Morissette Courtney Love
Herbie Hancock
Wayne Shorter
Larry Coryell
Susanne Vega
Ernestine AndersonLaurie Anderson
Orlando Bloom
Susan Blackmore
Goldie Hawn
Becky Johnston,
Steve Jobs
Jennifer Lopez,
Mark Wahlberg,
Richard Gere
Adam Yauch
Steven Segal
Ricky Martin
Sting
Buster Williams
Nestor Torres
Kate Bosworth
Cora L. E. Christian
George Lucas,
Michael Stipe,
Oliver Stone
Clock Buddies
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4 o’clock
As the 4th Largest religion in the world, Buddhism has how
many followers?
350 million
7 o’clock
What is the region on the China/Nepal border that is the holy
land of Buddhism
Tibet
11 o’clock
According to Buddhism, what is the cause of ALL suffering?
Desire
• 2 o’clock Name 3 famous American followers of
Buddhism
• …. Phil Jackson, Steve Jobs, etc
• 6 o’clock SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA, commonly
known as the BUDDHA (Sanskrit for "the
_________ ______").
• “Awakened” or “Enlightened One”
• 10 o’clock
founded in?
• Hinduism
What other religion was Buddhism
• 9 o’clock Buddhist Sand Art symbolizes the I________ of life
• Impermanence
• 3 o’clock
• Buddha
The Best translation for “The Teacher” is
• 5 o’clock What river valley was the foundation of India and
who migrated down from the Mountains?
• “Indus” and the Aryans”
• 12 o’clock What is the cycle of rebirth referred to under
Hiduism (2 words)
• The Caste System
Clock Buddies Continued
• 8 o’clock What group is at the top of the Caste
System
• The Brahmans
• 2 o’clock What one’s position is in society as
determined by the castes system is one’s….
• Darhma
• 1 o’clock Samsare, Moksha and _______ are personal and
social reasons for doing your Darhma– It is what you do……The
doer of good becomes good, evil becomes evil
• Karma