Download The fish were in a dark environment, and therefore didn`t need eyes

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson • Reece
19
Descent with
Modification
Questions prepared by
Fleur Ferro, Community College of Denver
Janet Lanza, University of Arkansas at Little Rock
Michael Dini, Texas Tech University
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements can be associated with the
concept of the “unity of life” and which can be associated with the
concept of the “diversity of life”?
A. The amino acid sequences of cytochrome c (an enzyme in
mitochondria) differ between humans and chimpanzees by
one amino acid.
B. If the gene for human insulin is inserted into bacteria, the
bacteria can make human insulin.
C. Medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) have beaks that are
similar in shape but smaller than large ground finches
(Geospiza magnirostris).
D. The basic forelimb structure of horses and moles is similar.
E. Scientists interested in curing human cancer may study cell
division in yeasts.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Imagine a species of bird in which females prefer to mate
with brightly colored males. However, males with bright
backs are more often preyed upon by hawks. Assuming that
a wide variety of genetic variation exists in the species,
which do you think is the most likely evolutionary outcome?
A. Males will be selected to be brightly colored.
B. Females will be selected to choose drab males.
C. Males will be selected to have bright chests and
dull backs.
D. Females will not mate.
E. The species will go extinct because the hawks catch
all the males.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Imagine a species of bird in which females prefer to mate
with brightly colored males. However, males with bright
backs are more often preyed upon by hawks. Assuming that
a wide variety of genetic variation exists in the species,
which do you think is the most likely evolutionary outcome?
A. Males will be selected to be brightly colored.
B. Females will be selected to choose drab males.
C. Males will be selected to have bright chests and
dull backs.
D. Females will not mate.
E. The species will go extinct because the hawks catch
all the males.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Imagine two species that are thought to have a
recent common ancestor. If this idea is correct,
these two species most likely have
A. no morphological similarities.
B. few biochemical similarities.
C. several homologous structures
D. similar embryological development.
E. Both C and D are correct.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Imagine two species that are thought to have a
recent common ancestor. If this idea is correct,
these two species most likely have
A. no morphological similarities.
B. few biochemical similarities.
C. several homologous structures
D. similar embryological development.
E. Both C and D are correct.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
You find a section of sedimentary rock in which the
strata and some fossils have been exposed. You
notice that a clam fossil is in deeper strata than a
fish fossil you can see. Using relative dating, which
fossil is most likely older?
A. clam
B. fish
C. not enough data to answer
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
You find a section of sedimentary rock in which the
strata and some fossils have been exposed. You
notice that a clam fossil is in deeper strata than a
fish fossil you can see. Using relative dating, which
fossil is most likely older?
A. clam
B. fish
C. not enough data to answer
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
You discover fish living in a cave with no natural light. The fish have
no eyes, but they do have eye sockets. Using a Lamarckian thought
process, which of the following would be the reason for this?
A. The fish were in a dark environment, and therefore didn’t need
eyes. Over time, they used their developmental
energy for other more useful features, so because they
didn’t use them, they lost them.
B. The fish never had eyes but are slowly evolving to have them
because they will need them someday.
C. Originally, some fish in the population had eyes and could see,
but those without eyes had more acute other senses, allowing
them to eat, avoid being eaten, and find a mate more easily.
Eventually, those with eyes died before they could pass on their
genes and the population changed to those without eyes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
You discover fish living in a cave with no natural light. The fish have
no eyes, but they do have eye sockets. Using a Lamarckian thought
process, which of the following would be the reason for this?
A. The fish were in a dark environment, and therefore didn’t
need eyes. Over time, they used their developmental
energy for other more useful features, so because they
didn’t use them, they lost them.
B. The fish never had eyes but are slowly evolving to have them
because they will need them someday.
C. Originally, some fish in the population had eyes and could see,
but those without eyes had more acute other senses, allowing
them to eat, avoid being eaten, and find a mate more easily.
Eventually, those with eyes died before they could pass on their
genes and the population changed to those without eyes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
You discover fish living in a cave with no natural light. The fish have
no eyes, but they do have eye sockets. Using a Darwinian thought
process, which of the following would be the reason for this?
A. The fish were in a dark environment and therefore didn’t need
eyes. Over time, they used their developmental energy for other
more useful features, so because they didn’t use them, they lost
them.
B. The fish never had eyes but are slowly evolving to have them
because they might need them in the future.
C. Originally, some fish in the population had eyes and
could see, but those without eyes had more acute other senses,
allowing them to eat, avoid being eate, and find
a mate more easily. Eventually, those with eyes died
before they could pass on their genes and the
population changed to those without eyes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
You discover fish living in a cave with no natural light. The fish have
no eyes, but they do have eye sockets. Using a Darwinian thought
process, which of the following would be the reason for this?
A. The fish were in a dark environment and therefore didn’t need
eyes. Over time, they used their developmental energy for other
more useful features, so because they didn’t use them, they lost
them.
B. The fish never had eyes but are slowly evolving to have them
because they might need them in the future.
C. Originally, some fish in the population had eyes and could
see, but those without eyes had more acute other senses,
allowing them to eat, avoid being eaten, and find a mate
more easily. Eventually, those with eyes died before they
could pass on their genes and the population changed to
those without eyes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Using the Galápagos finches example from the book, which of
the following best explains the Darwinian reason why the
insect-eating finch has such a long, narrow beak?
A. Variation existed in the finch population. Those that
naturally had longer, narrower beaks could reach their
food more easily, allowing finches with these features
to survive and reproduce more often than those that
did not.
B. Every day, finches who needed to eat insects would
squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects,
eventually changing the shape of their beaks, which then
got passed on to future generations.
C. Those with longer, narrower beaks carried the dominant
gene for that, which is how they evolved.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Using the Galápagos finches example from the book, which of
the following best explains the Darwinian reason why the
insect-eating finch has such a long, narrow beak?
A. Variation existed in the finch population. Those that
naturally had longer, narrower beaks could reach their
food more easily, allowing finches with these features
to survive and reproduce more often than those that
did not.
B. Every day, finches who needed to eat insects would
squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects,
eventually changing the shape of their beaks, which then
got passed on to future generations.
C. Those with longer, narrower beaks carried the dominant
gene for that, which is how they evolved.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
MRSA infections are occurring at alarming rates. One reason for
this could be that people do not finish their antibiotics. Which of
the following is the most likely reason that this could lead to
something like MRSA?
A. Antibiotics take awhile to start working, giving the bacteria
time to mount defenses against the antibiotics over a few
days.
B. Because antibiotics are often taken when there is no
bacterial infection, the antibiotics aren’t using their
medicinal/antibacterial properties and are losing them.
C. The first few days of antibiotics kill off the weak
bacteria, making people feel better. Then, when people
stop taking the antibiotics, the strong bacteria that
survived have been selected, breed with one another,
and create a stronger population.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
MRSA infections are occurring at alarming rates. One reason for
this could be that people do not finish their antibiotics. Which of
the following is the most likely reason that this could lead to
something like MRSA?
A. Antibiotics take awhile to start working, giving the bacteria
time to mount defenses against the antibiotics over a few
days.
B. Because antibiotics are often taken when there is no
bacterial infection, the antibiotics aren’t using their
medicinal/antibacterial properties and are losing them.
C. The first few days of antibiotics kill off the weak bacteria,
making people feel better. Then, when people stop
taking the antibiotics, the strong bacteria that survived
have been selected, breed with one another, and create
a stronger population.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.