Download Ch 30 Foldables Nonvert. chordates fish amphib

Ch 30 Foldables
Non-vertebrate Chordates, Fishes & Amphibians
30-1 The Chordates
FOLABLE #1
OUTSIDE: PHYLUM CHORDATA
INSIDE: Members of this phylum are called chordates. A chordate is an animal that has
at least for some part of its life 1-a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; 2-a notochord; 3pharyngeal pouches; 4-a tail that extends beyond the anus.
OUTSIDE: Notocord
INSIDE: a long supporting rod that runs through the body just below the nerve cord.
Most chordates have a notochord only when they are embryos.
OUTSIDE: Pharyngeal Pouches
INSIDE: paired structures in the throat (pharynx) region. In some chordates (fish &
amphibians)- slits develop that connect the pharyngeal pouches to the outside of the
body. These slits may then develop gills used for gas exchange.
DRAWING of figure 30-1 page 767
FOLDABLE #2
OUTSIDE: In vertebrates the dorsal hollow nerve cord is called the spinal cord. As a
vertebrate embryo develops, the front end of the spinal cord grows into a brain.
INSIDE: The backbone, which replaces the notochord in most developing vertebrates, is
made of individual segments called VERTEBRAE. This endoskeleton gives support,
protects the animal’s body and provides a place for muscle and ligament attachment.
*The endoskeleton grows as the animal grows!
FOLDABLE #3
OUTSIDE: 2 subphyla of chordates lacking a backbone…but have all four chordate
characteristics…
INSIDE: Tunicates and lancets are soft-bodied marine animals that are called “nonvertebrate chordates”.
30-2 Fishes
FOLDABLE #1
OUTSIDE: FISHES
INSIDE: Aquatic vertebrates; Most have paired fins, scales & gills;
FOLDABLE#2
OUTSIDE: Three Groups/Classes of Fish;
INSIDE: (nothing, glue this tab down)
OUTSIDE: Jawless Fish (Lampreys & Hagfish) (If you find pictures of these you may include
them on the outside)
INSIDE: Fish with no true teeth or jaws. Skeletons are made of fibers & some cartilage. They
lack vertebrae & keep their notochord as adults. Lampreys are filter feeders as larva & parasites
as adults. Hagfish have pink worm-like bodies & 4 short tentacles around their mouths. They lack
eyes. They feed on dead & dying fish by using a toothed tongue to scrape a hole in the fishes side
(they can tie themselves in knots too!)
OUTSIDE: Chondrichthyes-Cartilaginous Fish (sharks, rays, skates & uncommon fish such as
sawfish & chimaeras)…If you find pictures of these, you may want to include them on the
outside.
INSIDE: They have skeletons made up entirely of cartilage. Most have tooth-like scales covering
their skin-making it feel like sandpaper.
OUTSIDE: Osteichthyes- Bony Fish (ray finned fish)…if you find pictures of these you may
want to include them on the outside.
INSIDE: They have skeletons made of hard calcified tissue called bone.
FOLDABLE #3
OUTSIDE: ANADROMOUS (Salmon)
INSIDE: Fish that spend most of their lives in the ocean but migrate to fresh water to breed.
OUTSIDE: CATADROMOUS (European eels)
INSIDE: Fish that live most of their lives in fresh water but migrate to the ocean to breed.
FOLDABLE#4
OUTSIDE: FISH REPRODUCTION-eggs can be fertilized externally or internally depending on
species.
INSIDE: (nothing, glue tab down)
OUTSIDE: Oviparous
INSIDE: Eggs fertilized internally or externally, the females lays the eggs and they hatch outside
the mother’s body. The embryo gets it’s food from the yolk in the egg.
OUTSIDE: Ovoviviparous
INSIDE: Eggs remain inside the mother’s body after internal fertilization; Each embryo stays
inside its egg using the yolk for nourishment. The young are then “born alive” like the young of
most mammals.
OUTSIDE: Viviparous
INSIDE: After internal fertilization, the eggs remain inside the mother’s body and get their
nutrients from the mother’s body rather than from material in an egg. The young are then “born
alive”.
30-3 Amphibians
FOLDABLE #1
OUTSIDE: AMPHIBIANS (frogs, toads, salamanders, & caecilians)
INSIDE: an amphibian is a vertebrate that, with some exceptions, lives in water as a
LARVA and on land as an adult, breathes with lungs as an adult, has moist skin that
contains mucous glands, and lacks scales & claws.
FOLDABLE #2
OUTSIDE: Adaptations That Allow Amphibians To Live Part Of Their Lives Out Of
Water:
INSIDE: Bones in the limb & limb girdles became stronger, permitting more efficient
movement. Lungs & breathing tubes allowed them to breathe air. Their sternum formed a
bony shield that supported and protected their internal organs.
FOLDABLE #3
OUTSIDE: AMPHIBIAN REPRODUCTION
INSIDE: Amphibian eggs do not have shells and tend to dry out if not kept moist. This is
why most amphibians must lay their eggs in water. The male usually fertilizes the eggs
by external fertilization. In a few species, including most salamanders, eggs are fertilized
internally.