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Transcript
Dec. 25, 1,9151 S, l, TQURSHOU 2,579,627 DEFLECTION SYSTEM Filed June 22, 1950 2 SHEETS-_SHEET 1 F' O. f/d 617/0 \ . INVENTOR Jzmeon [Íômáazz Dec. 25, 1951 ' s. l. T'oURsHou 2,579,627 DEFLECTION SYSTEM " Filed June 22, 195o 2 SHEETS-_SHEET 2 @5 _ lNvEN-roR J'Imeozz I. .Tazztyäozz Patented Dec. 25, 1951 2,579,627 -UNITED STATES 2,579,627 ' » DEFLECTION SYSTEM i Simeon I. Tourshou, Philadelphia, Pa., assigner` to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application June 22, 1950, Serial No; 169,656' 16 Claims. (Cl. 315-27) 'l . i 2 The present invention relates to cathode ray beam denection systems and methods and more ¿It is another purpose of the present invention to provide a new and improved method and ap paratus for >controlling the deflection amplitude of electromagnetic cathode ray beam deflection particularly although not necessarily exclusively to electromagnetic cathode ray beam deñection circuits of the type employed in television sys tems. 5 systems in such a Way as to maintain the deflec tion wave -form substantially unañîected by changes in amplitude. ' More directly the present invention relates to width control arrangements for electromagnetic deflection circuits of the television variety and finds particular advantageous application to tele It is further an object of the present invention to provide a novel width control sysetmv for tele vision horizontal deiiection systems which is par vision type deñection systems of the power re covery, reaction scanning type. In this regard the present invention is especially useful in con nection with the direct drive type cathode ray beam deñection system'shown and described in ticularly applicable to the electromagnetic direct drive reaction scanning type of deflection circuit. ` In order toA realize >the above objects and fea tures of advantage the present invention contem plates the use of controlled degeneration in the another U. S. patent application Ser. No. 90,612, Ventitled “Television Deflection Power Recovery Circuit” by Simeon I. Tourshou, ñled April'30, More particularly the present invention as ap 1949, issued as Patent No. 2,555,831 on June 5, y1951. Its utility, however, is to be no way con strued as limited to such direct drive deiiection contemplates the use of a controlled degeneration means in the screen grid circuit of the output amplifler.- An enhanced and expanded range of output stageof the cathode ray deíiection system. plied to a pentode type deflection output amplifier systems. amplitude control is further provided by the In virtually all cathode ray beam deflection present invention through the use of a loss con systems employed in the electrical art it is desir trolling circuit associated With the output circuit of the Ydeflection amplifier by properly combining and coordinating the actions of the loss control ling circuit> and ‘the controlled degeneration able that some means be provided'for controlling the amplitude of cathode ray beam deflection. It is further desirable that the means used to con trol the amplitude of deflection be of such a nature as to not adversely aiîect the wave form of means. the dei‘iection signal deñning the cathode ray beam movement. In television cathode ray beam deflection sys 'tems such an amplitude control is usually referred to as a width or height control. Since the hori zontal beam deflection circuits of a television sys tem operate at relatively high frequencies.' the circuit constants of the horizontal deflection sys tem are quite critical. Attempts to provide ver satile amplitude control of horizontal deflection circuits especially of the electromagnetic variety have been met with serious problems. Foremost of these problems is that of providing suñ'icient amplitude control without encountering non `linearity in the saw tooth wave form of current deflection Wave form. - The present invention as particularly applied to electromagnetic cathode ray deñection systems employing screen grid type output tubes receiving deflection signal drive from a multi-vibrator type deflection signal source contemplates the use of a novel and frequency stabilizing circuit. This stabilizingvcircuit in accordance with the present invention comprises a frequency control means for the multivibrator which in turn is actuated or 0 controlledby the degeneration means of the out put amplifier. In this way changes in deflection amplitude have a negligible effect on the fre quency'of the deflection signal. In orderto more fully appreciate all the novel features of the present invention in additionA to passing through the deflectionyoke. This prob lem of width control versus linearity in television deflections systems is most prominent in elec tromagnetic deñection systems of the direct drive type wherein the electromagnetic deflection yoke itself is placed directly in the anode cathode cir 50 cuit of the deflection output ampliñer. klt is therefore a purpose of the present inven those set'forth above, as well as obtain a more complete understanding of its nature and oper ation, reference may be made to the following description taken in connection with the accom panying drawings in which: _ ,g Fig. A.1- is a combination block and schematic representation of one form of the present inven tion to provide an improved amplitude control arrangement for cathode ray beam deflection systems. A wide range of amplitude control is made possible with negligible influence on the ` tion as applied to a television receiving circuit. _ 55 Fig. 2 is a graphical representation of certain aravaca? 3 4 Fig. 3 is a combination block and schematic representation of another form of the present in ondary winding 42 of this transformer are rec tified by the high voltage diode 44 to produce beam accelerating potential for the kinescope second anode terminal 4B. The lower extremity vention as applied to a television type deflection circuit. of the primary winding on transformer 40 is then connected with the horizontal deflection characteristics peculiar to the novel operation of the present invention. yoke winding 49 of the deflection yoke. From the Fig. 4 is a further modiñcation of the present invention as applied to a typical cathode ray beam deflection circuit. Turning now to the drawings there is shown in Fig. 1 a television receiver section I0 adapted lower end of the;deflection yoke winding a ca pacitor 50 is connected to the upper end of the variable linearity inductance 52.' The lower end of _the inductance 52 is connected to the -l-B to amplify and demodulate signals intercepted by the antenna l2. The output of the television receiver section l0 is made available at output terminal I4 for application to the grid of the Yimage reproducing kinescope shown at I6. >A portion of the demodulated signal is also made" , available for the synchronization pulsev sepa rator circuit I8. The separator circuit I8 de livers vertical synchronizing information to the 20 vertical deiiection circuits 20. The separator circuit I8 also provides synchronizing informa tion to the horizontal deflection generator 22. The output of the vertical deñection circuit 20 description and disclosure of this circuit and its operation may be found in the RCA Service Notes on Television Receiving Models T164, TC1664’TC167, and TC168, iirst edition dated March 10, 1950. Briefly, the discharge tube 38 is biased by some means so that under normal operating conditions _ the tube 28 conducts only during the positive go is indicated for. application to the terminals Y-Y of the deiiection yoke 24 associated with ing extremities of the saw-tooth 26. This bias may be obtained through the use of a bleeder resistor such as E6 connected between a source the kinescope I5. The horizontal-dellection sig nal generator 22 is by way of example illustrat ed as being productive of saw tooth type deñec tion drive wave form 2c generally found in tele vision deflection circuits. power >supply terminal at 54 and additional ca pacitor 55 is connected from the lower end of the winding 48 also to the positive power sup ply terminal 54. Detailed description of the op eration otthis circuit is described in the above identified U. S. patent application. A further of positive potential at terminal 58 and the up 30 per end of cathode resistor 34. Such bias con ditions cause a saw-tooth of current to start Typicalk circuit arrangements suitable for ap plication in the block diagram representations building up in the yoke of the winding 48 dur ing the latter portion of the saw-tooth 26. As Ythus far discussed may beY found in an article soon as the retrace portion of the saw-tooth oc curs an `oscillatory ringing starts in the winding 43. This is damped by the diode 60 to cause a saw-tooth of current to commence ñowing in entitled “Television Receiver” by A. R. Wright, ‘ appearing in the March, 1947 issue of the RCA Review. Y . the yoke 48 in the opposite direction to that produced by the peak of the saw-tooth 26. By rangement in Fig. 1 is based primarily on the .discharge tube 28. By way of example, this tube 40 properly adjusting the bias on the tube 28 and the amplitude of the signal 26 a quite linear has been shown as being of the screen grid va saw-tooth of current suitable for deflection pur riety. Thedeñection signal 26 is applied to the poses may be produced through the winding 48. .control grid 30 of the , output discharge tube. The above operation _is predicated upon the sup lThe cathode 32 of the Voutput tube is convention -ally connected >with ground through the cathode i ply to the screen electrode S2 of a suitable pos itive potential asl is required for conventional fresistor 34. Resistor 34 is by-passed by capaci screen grid type tube operation. a tor 36 so as to` reduce `degeneration in the cath However, according to the embodiment of the ode circuit.V By wayof example, the anode 38 present invention shown in Figure 1, the screen of the discharge tube 28 is connected with .the electrode 62 is connected to the +B source of winding r11-œ of deflection yoke 24 rthrough a positive potential at »terminal 54 through re ydirect drive type deflection circuit employing B sistances 64 and 66. According to the present boost power recovery, reaction scanning action. invention only the resistor 54 is completely by The precise form of deflection circuit with which passed. This is accomplished in part by capac the output tube 28 is connected is not ofim ' - itor 58 and in part by the capacitor 10. In fur Aportance to the successful V,operation of the pres _. The -horizontal deflection ampliñer of the ar ent invention, however, the direct drive type de .ñection circuit has been illustrated since the .problems overcome by the present invention are perhaps most prominent in this type ofdeflec ther accord withl the present invention the re sistance tâis made variable. The time constant of the resistor 64 with its associated capacity should be such that when resistance tt is ad ’îwhich may be connected in the anode circuit of justed to be zero the time constant in the screen _circuit is substantially greater than the recur tube 28 are shown and described in an article rence frequency of the deñection wave form 26. entitled “Television Deiiection Circuits” by A. W. Furthermore, the capacitor ‘m is made large enoughrso that when resistor @6 is made sub tion circuit. Other types of deflectioncircuits l Friend appearing in the RCA Review for March, l1947. Another article entitled “Magnetic De '-'flection Circuits for Cathode Ray Tubes” by AOtto H. Schade appearing in the RCA Review L for September, 1947 describes even lanother typ »ical magnetic deflection circuit to which the present invention ñnds ready application. stantially equal to zero the screen grid 62 is. eS tablished at practically A. C. ground potential at signal frequencies corresponding to thede ñection wave form. That is to say, the capacitor 'I0 is made large enough to offer a very low im pedances path to deflection signal components. . Under such conditionskthat is with resistance 65 The direct drive deflection circuit shown in equal to zero, the deflection circuit will oper Figure 1 comprises a connection from the anode ate- in va somewhat conventional manner and will 38 of discharge ltube 28 to the primary _of the high voltage step` up transformer 40. »Deflec- . produce maximum deflection amplitude. Linear tion fly-back pulses appearing across the sec 75 ity of the wave form under such conditionsinay 255.79’2627. ä be' adjusted by varying the value of A. induct ance 52. ~ , _ _» According to the present invention, if it should be desired to reduce the amplitude of de flection wave form, the tap 'I2 on resistance Sti is moved to the right so that both anìacceler ating and a D. C. voltage drop will occur- across the resistance GS. Since resistance 60 is not completely bypassed, this accelerating voltage tube 28. As Well known by those familiarwith deilection circuits, changing the eiîective drive to a reaction scanning type circuit causes notice able changes in the linearity of the resulting deflection. In the present invention, however, the effective control grid versus cathode voltage iiuctuations or driveremains constant and hence changes in the linearity of deflection current are minimized. . , drop will produce screen grid degeneration. The 10 In still further accordance with the present eiïects of introducing screen grid degeneration invention a greater range of amplitude control in this manner may be illustrated by the graph may be obtained yby carefully controlling _the ical curve of Figure 2. » losses in the reaction scanning deflection circuit The graph of Figure 2 shows a plot of screen during the control of degeneration in the screen current versus screen voltage of tube 28 for vari 15 grid circuit. Whereas prior art attempts> to ous control grid-cathode voltages. Three such control deflection amplitude byV adjusting losses curves are shown'at i4, ‘i6 and i8, respectively. in the reaction scanning circuit have been suc Curve 'is depicts the screen current versus cessful to a degree, the range of »such control screen voitage characteristic for a control grid has been limited by the resulting deflection wave cathode potential of zero volts. Curve 'iS shows 20 form distortion when circuit losses were made the characteristic for a control grid-cathode too high. According to the present invention, voltage equal to some nominal value E. Curve ‘I8 illustrates the screen characteristics of the tube for a control grid-cathode voltage which however, by properly introducing the correct amount of degeneration in the screen grid circuit it is possible to realize an increase in the amount is sufficiently negative to establish cutoff in 25 that deflection amplitude may be usefully __re the tube. Thisl value of voltage is indicated duced by applying losses in the reaction scanning as ENC referring to non-conduction in the tube. circuit. This synchronized action of imposing With the resistance 66 equal to zero virtually circuit losses and degeneration may be accom no A. C. impedance is imposed in the screen plished by the convenient arrangement shown grid circuit so that a deflection drive wave form 30 in Figure 1. Here the resistance 66 is a portion such as 25, which is of suñìcient amplitude to of potentiometer. The right hand end 02 >of drive the control grid from zero volts to ENC, the potentiometer may be connected through the will produce a screen current variation which switch 94 to resistance 96. The right hand ex is indicated by the vertical distance between tremity of resistance 06 is in turn connected to points 80 and 82 on the ordinate of the graph the upper end of inductance 52. Withl .the _in Figure 2. This zero impedance condition as switch 90 closed the inductance 52 is fully shunt stated before, corresponds to the maximum ed by a variable resistance whose value-may deflection amplitude producible by the circuit be adjusted by positioning the potentiometer and may be referred to as maximum width. It arm 16. ' is, of course, understood that the vertical line 40 Operation of the present invention in this 86 corresponds to the average D. C. screen regard is substantially as follows: As the arm voltage. The difference between this average 16 is moved to the right in Figure l an increased value and +B represents the D. C. voltage drop amount of degeneration is imposed in the screen across the resistor 64. n grid circuit. At the same time the inductance Should now, still looking at Figure 2, the re 52 is shunted by a lower value of resistance. This sistance 5t be given some ñnite value the screen increases circuit losses in the reaction scanning voltage ñuctuations will be defined by some load system and, therefore, reduces the eiiiciency line such as S6. The slope of the load line 86 thereof. This results in a reduced amplitude will be made to correspond to the actual resist of deflection. As pointed out above, the in ance 50 as well known in the art of graphically creased degeneration also produces a further analyzing vacuum tube operating characteris 50 decrease in the amplitude of deflection.> This tics. Under such conditions the same given compound control is not aggregative in nature amplitude of deñection drive by the wave form since, as pointed out above, a wave form com_ 2S will still produce a control grid voltage change pensating inñuence is involved. » from zero to ENC. However, now the resulting 55 ' The embodiment of the present invention screen grid current fluctuations will be much shown in Figure 3 is in some aspects similar to less than before and may be indicated by the that shown in Figure l. The same type of direct vertical distance between point 88 and 90 on drive reaction scanning circuit is shown in FigureV the ordinate of the graph in Figure 2. This 3 _as was'indicated in Figure l. Here, however, has been arbitrarily indicated as being the screen 60 the output tube 98 has its screen velectrode ,|00 voltage variation corresponding to minimum supplied with bias through- a somewhat diiîerent width. Since plate current fluctuations are a configuration of variable impedance from that function of screen current changes in a -pen shown in Figure l. Here the screen gridA |00 is tode it is clear that changing the valueV of re connected with +B potential at 54 through two sistance 60 will produce similar changes in the 65 resistance paths. The ñrst path comprises re’ amplitude oi actual yoke deñection current. sistance |08 in series with resistance | l2; The It is of importance to note that although in second path comprises resistance |02. With the the prior art degeneration has been employed to tap arm |04 of the potentiometer |06 moved to control the amplitude of deiiection produced the upper extremity of potentiometer resistance by vacuum tubes nowhere in the prior art has 70 a minimum resistance is imposed in series with controlled degeneration »been employed in the the screen grid circuit. This resistance comprises screen grid circuit of a -pentode The method the parallel combination of resistance |08 and of control provided bythe present invention is advantageous since the degeneration imposed resistance |02.` Capacitor ||0 is made sufficiently large under these conditions'so as to heavily by does not alter the effective drive to the discharge 75 .pass the resulting resistive impedance. ' Now, -as *î 9579,62? the tap |04 is lowered on the potentiometer |06 an unbypassed resistance | |2 comes into the pic ture. This imposes degeneration in the circuit and causes a reduction in deflection amplitude as was the case in Figure l. The arrangement in Figure 3 further differs from that of Figure l in the following respect. Figure 3 indicates that the pentode 98 is being driven by a multivibrator type of sawtooth de flection wave form generator. This generator is of the time averaging type and is based on the dual triode H4. The first section ||6 of the dual triode ||4 operates as a timing comparator cir cuit so as to compare the incoming signal from the synchronizing pulse separator |8 with the developed saw-tooth | |`|- appearing at terminal ||8. The resulting signal comparison produces a control voltage at terminal |22 of the cathode cir 8 `circuit of tube 98 is increased as disclosed ‘bei fore. This degeneration reduces the effectiveness of screen grid |00 to shield the anode from the control grid of the pentode 98. Due to the well known Miller eifect this increases the effective grid-to-cathode capacitance of the pentode 98. Such an increase is effectively in shunt with the saw-tooth charging capacitor associated with blocking oscillator |26. The time constant of the blocking oscillator will therefore be increased. This will tend to reduce the frequency of the blocking oscillator'. However, in accordance with the present invention, the aforementioned move ment of the tap |04 downwardly to increase de generation has increased the potential applied to the anode of triode ||6. This will cause the terminal |22 to become more positive and apply a more positive bias to the grid of the blocking oscillator triode |26. As well known by those cuit of triode H6. Terminal |22 is' connected to the grid |24 of the second triode section |26. 20 familiar with blocking oscillator action, this in crease in positive bias wil-l tend to increase the Triode |26 is further connected to operate as a blocking oscillator type saw-tooth generator. Thus, as the incoming synchronizing pulse signal is compared in time with the resulting saw-tooth appearing at terminals | |ß the bias on the triode section |26 is established to provide the proper operating frequency for the blocking oscillator saw-tooth generator. The feed-back transformer for the blocking oscillator is shown at |28. Its primary |30 is connected in the anode circuit of 30 triode |26 while its secondary |32 is connected in shunt with the grid circuit of the triode |26 through capacitor |34. Positive potential for the anode of the triode |26 is supplied through the resistance |36 connected with a source of -|-B potential at terminal 54. The saw-tooth dis charge capacitors |38 and |40 are connected with frequency of the blocking oscillator and there fore tend to compensate for the increased Miller effect capacity imposed by the pentode 93. The parallel resonant circuit |44 connected in series with the anode circuit of the triode |26 acts as a further stabilizing influence on the blocking os cillator frequency as described in the above men tioned U. S. patent application 136,021 and Radio Television News article. The resonant circuit |44, of course, forms no part of the present invention. It is to be understood that the novel frequency correcting action ofV the present invention is not limited to the preferred form of signal generator shown in Figure 3. For example, in Figure 4 a very basic» type oí blocking oscillator saw-tooth generator is indicated.. No means are provided for time averaging frequency control of the block the upper end of the resistor |36. The saw-tooth ing oscillator by comparison of received syn developed across these capacitors is applied to the grid of the output’ tube 98 through a small 40 chronizing pulses with developed saw-tooth. However, in Figure 4, the triode |46 due to the resistor |4|. action of the transformer |48 and grid time con The particular form of time averaging saw stant afforded by capacitor |52 and resistor |54 tooth deilection generator shown in VFigure 3 as a sustains periodic blocking oscillator operation. source. of driving signal for the output tube 98 Saw-'tooth capacitor |55` charges substantially and is of the general type shown and described linearly through changing resistor lee during in U. S.` application 136,021 ñled December 30, non-conduction of the blocking oscillator tube 1949, by Simeon I.v Tourshou entitled “Beam De |46. During conduction of the tube |46, how flection Control for Cathode Ray Devices.” A ever, the capacitor |56 is discharged. This charg full description and operation of this type of sig nal deilection generator is also to be found in the 50 ing and discharge produces the conventional saw tocth wave form shown at |60. Such a blocking January, 1950, issue of the Radio and Television oscillator saw-tooth generator is shown and de News» in an article entitled “A Single Tube scribed in the above article» “Television Deflec A. F. C. Circuit for TVl Deflection Systems” by tion Circuits” by A. W'. Friend appearing in the John A. Cornell commencing on page 58. Ac RCA Review' for March, 1947. As well known by cording> to these> references the anode potential those skilledk in the television art the frequency of the» triodeI section 116' is made manually vari of the blocking oscillator |46 is dependent upon able’ by means of a potentiometer sucl-il as |42 the value of +B voltage applied to the circuit. sothat a manual control of the deflection genera The higher the +B voltage applied to the cir torA frequency may be had. In such- applications the right end extremity of the potentiometer |42 60 cuit the higher will be the anode voltage applied to the triode |96. This Will cause- the tube |46 to wasv connected with a ñxed source of positive B potential. Thus, as the. value of theA anode poten reiiect a higher mutual conductance which will result in greater peak charging of the grid cir tial ofthe triode H6 was changed the potential appearing atv |22. changed and the bias on the cuit It.< C. combination. This of course will de blocking oscillator triode |86 wasA altered. This, crease the effective> operating frequency of the of course, caused a frequency change. blocking oscillator. AccordingY to the present invention the right hand terminal of potentiometer |42- insteadY of In accordance with the present invention the output pentode> 99 in Figures. is connected sub being` connectedv to a fixed source of positive po stantially in the same manner shown in Figure 3 tential, it is connected to the4 lower extremity of to provide variable screen grid degeneration con trol. Thus, in Figure 4, as the tap> |04 is moved downwardly on the potentiometer element |06, the degeneration `in the screen-grid circuit of the tube 98 is increased. As described above this increases the effective*v Miller capacity-"in shunt potentiometer |96- associated with the above de scribed reaction scanning circuit. The `following operation is obtained: When the degeneration control tap |04 is moved' downwardly along poten tiometer |~06§vthe degeneration inthe screengrid ‘2,579,627 " With'thesaw-tooth capacitor> i06- and lowers >the frequency of the multi-vibrator. However, as the tap |04 is moved downwardly on the potentiom eter H36, the D. C. voltage drop across the re sistance section H 2 becomes greater and the anode voltage-applied to the blocking oscillator triode is decreased. As indicated above, this tends to increase the frequency of blocking os cillator I 4S and hence compensate for the in crease in Miller capacityproduced by increased degeneration. ` ' From the foregoing, it can be seen that the applicant has provided a new and useful width control arrangement for cathode ray beam de l'nected in shunt with> at least a portion lof said »reactance to form a time constant circuit, and Vmeans for varying the value of said resistance whereby to concomitantly vary the time con stant of said time constant circuit as well as the direct current potential reaching said intermed ‘ iate electrode. 4. >In an electromagnetic cathode ray deflection >system employing a deñection yoke in combina tion, a source of deflection signal having’a pre determined period of recurrence, an output tube having at least an anode, cathode control elec trode and supplementary electrode interposed between said anode and said control electrode, flection systems. It will be appreciated that al -15 connections for applying the output of said de though the present invention has been described flection signal source to said control electrode, in conjunction with electromagnetic type deiiec an output circuit connected between said anode tion systems, its principle can be applied with and said cathode, said output circuit including advantage to electrostatic type deflection sys means for coupling electrical variations developed tems as well. Moreover, the novel frequency 20 therein to the deflection yoke, a source oi’ posi correcting action of the present invention, as tive biasing potential having its negative’ ter' shown herein, although illustrated in connection minal connected with said output tube cathode, with blocking oscillator type saw-tooth deflec a variable resistance connected between said‘sup' tion circuits, may be, of course, applied to other plementary electrode and the positive terminal types of deflection signal sources whose frequency -25 of said biasing potential source said resistance of operation may be controlled by altering cir being variable between a high and low limitgîa cuit operating potentials. capacitor connected in shunt with at least a por What is claimed is: tion of said resistance to form a time constant 1. In an electromagnetic cathode ray deflec circuit the value of said capacitor being~ such tion system employing a deñection yoke in com 30 that the'time constant value of said time- con bination, a source of deflection signal, an output stant circuit is not substantially greater lthan the tube having at least an anode, cathode control recurrence period of said deflecting signal when electrode and supplementary electrode interposed said variable resistance is at its high limit. ï ' » between said anode and said control electrode, 5. Apparatus according to claim '4 wherein connections for applying the output of said de 35 said output tube is of the pentode variety and ñection signal source to said control electrode, an wherein said supplementary electrode is the output circuit connected between said anode and screen electrode of said pentode. ‘ said cathode, said output circuit including means 6. In an electromagnetic cathode ray deilec for coupling electrical variations developed there tion system employing a deilection- yoke in com. lin to the deflection yoke, a source of positive 40 bination, a source of deflection signal having'a biasing potential havingk its negative terminal predetermined frequency, an output tube having connected with said output tube cathode, an im at least an anode, cathode controlelectrode and pedance having a resistive component connected supplementary electrode interposed between> said between said supplementary electrode and the anode and said control electrode, connections for positive circuit of said biasing potential source ' applying the output of said deflection signal whereby to introduce degeneration in the de 45 source to said control electrode, an output cir flection system, a capacitor connected in shunt cuit connected between said anode and said with at least a portion of said impedance to form cathode, said output circuit including means'for a time constant combination, and means> for coupling electrical variations developed therein varying the value of the time constant of said to the deflection yoke, a source of positive bias 50 time constant combination such as to control ing potential having its negative terminal con' the amount or” degeneration present in said -sys nected with said output tub'e cathode, a resistance tem. connected between said supplementary electrode 2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said and the positive terminal of said bias source to discharge tube is of the pentode variety and form a supplementary electrode circuit, a ca wherein said iirst and second control electrodes pacitor connected in shunt with at least a por-. are respectively the control grid and screen grid tion of said resistance, the value of said capacitor of said pentode. v being so related to the deñection signal frequency 3. In an electromagnetic cathode ray deflec and the Value of the resistance across which it tion system employing a deflection yoke in com is shunt connected that a degree of degeneration bination, a source of deflection signal, an out is produced in the supplementary electrode cir-' put tube having at least an anode, cathode con cuit, and means for concomitantly varying both trol electrcde and supplementary electrode in the degree of supplementary electrode circuit- dez-r` terposed between said anode and said control generation so produced along with the value ‘of electrode, connections for applying the output of potential applied to said supplementary electrode~ said deflection signal source to said control elec 65 '7. In an electromagnetic cathode ray defiecf trode, an output circuit connected between said tion system employing al deflection yoke in com anode and said cathode, said output circuit in bination, a source of deflection signaL'an output cluding means for coupling electrical variations tube having at least anranode, cathode control developed therein to the deflection yoke, a source ' electrode and supplementary electrode interposed of positive biasing potential having its negative 70 between said anode and said control electrode, terminal connected with said output tube cath connections for applying the output of said de ode, a reactance connected between said supple iiection signal source to said control'electrode”, mentary electrode and the positive terminal or” an output circuit connected betweenrsaid> anode said biasing potential source, a capacitor "con and said cathode, said output circuit including antrace? ll 12 ~`means for coupling electrical variations developed »minal connected with said output tube cathode, third the value of said resistance means whereby to obtain versatile control of the amplitude .of deflection signal applied to said deñection yoke. 1l. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein means for applying said positive bias source to said source of de?leotion signal comprises a self therein to the deflection yoke, a source of posi tive biasing potential having its negative ter excited multivibrator circuit having as part of said supplementary electrode, means to produce its output circuit a sawtooth discharge capacitor degeneration in said output tube, and means for where value deñnes in part the frequency of said concomitantly varying both the value of bias po multivibrator. ` tential applied to said supplementary electrode 12. In an electromagnetic deñection circuit for by said applying means and the degree of de 10 exciting the winding of a deflection yoke the combination of, an electron discharge tube hav ing at least an anode, cathode, first control elec varying means is so arranged that the amount of trode and a second control electrode, means for degeneration produced by said degeneration means is` inversely proportional to the magnitude 15 applying a deñection signal between said ydis ` generation produced by said degeneration means. 8. Apparatus according to claim ’7 wherein said of rvoltage applied to said supplementary elec trode. . 9. In a reaction scanning electromagnetic cath charge tube first control electrode and said cath ode, an output circuit for said discharge tube connected between the anode and cathode thereof, connections for driving the deflection yoke wind >ode ray beam deflection system employing a de rlection yoke having in shunt across its wind 20 ing from signal energy developed in said out put circuit, a source of biasing potential having ing a damping tube, the combination of a source its negative terminal connected with said dis. of deflection signal, an output tube having at charge tube cathode and its positive terminal least an anode,Y cathode control electrode and connected with said discharge tube second ccn supplementary electrode interposed between said anode and said control electrode, connections 25 trol electrode, a degenerative network serially included >in said connection to said second oon for applying the output of said deñection signal trol electrode, and means for varying the amount source to said control electrode, an output cir of degeneration produced by said degenerative cuit connected between said anode and said cath network whereby to control the amplitude of ode, said output circuit including'means for cou pling electrical variations developed therein to 30 deiiection produced by said discharge tube. 13. A cathode ray beam deflection system em the deflection yoke, a source of positive biasing ploying an electromagnetic deflection Vyoke in potential having its negative terminal connected combination, a deflection signal source having with said output tube cathode, an impedance hav output terminals, the vfrequency of the deiiection ing a resistive component connected between said supplementary electrode and the positive circuit 35 signal provided by said deflection source being a function of the electrical capacity imposed across of said biasing potential source whereby to in said output terminals, an electron discharge tube troduce degeneration in the deflection system, having at least an anode, cathode and control a capacitor connected in shunt with at least a electrode, connections applying the output ter. Yportion of said impedance to form a time con stant combination, an inductance connected in 40 minals of said deflection signal source between the control electrode and cathode for said dis series with the shunt connections of the damping charge tube, an output ,circuit connected between tube across the yoke winding, resistance means the said discharge anode and cathode, said out. connected in shunt with said inductance, and Dilt circuit including moans for coupling cleow means for concomitantly varying both the time constant of said time constant combination and 45 trical energy to Said. yoke, moans for varying the frequency of deflection signal developed by .scid the value of said resistance means whereby to control the amplitude of deflection signal applied to said deflection yoke. ` 10. In a reaction scanning electromagnetic deflection signal Source, controllable means for imposing degeneration in Seid electron discharge tube and coupling means connected between said cathode ray beam deflection system employing a 50 frequency varying mea-ns and said controllable means. deiiection yoke having in shunt across its wind 14. Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein ing a damping tube, the combination of a source said electron discharge tube is of the screen of deflection signal, an output tube having at variety and wherein vsaid controllable degenera least an anode, cathode control electrode and supplementary electrode interposed between said 55 tion means is connected in the screen grid cir cuit of said discharge tube and wherein said cou anode and said control electrode, connections for pling means comprises a connection from said applying the output of said deflection signal discharge tube screen grid to said frequency vari ~ source to said control electrode, -an output cir ing means. cuit connected between said anode and said cath 15. Apparatus according to claim 14 wherein ode, said output circuit including means for cou 60 said source of deflection signals is a multi pling electrical variations developed therein to vibrator type sawtocth wave form generator hav the deflection yoke, a source of positive biasing ing the saw tooth discharge capacitor in shunt potential having its negative terminal connected with said output terminals. with said output tube cathode, means for apply 16. An electromagnetic r.deflection circuit for ing said positive bias source to said supplementary exciting the winding of an electromagnetic de-Í electrode, means to produce degeneration in said flection yoke, a combination of an electron dis output tube, an lnductance connected in series charge tube amplifier having aV screen grid, an with the shunt connection of the damping tube input circuit and an output circuit, controllable across the yoke winding, resistance means con« nected in shunt with said inductance, and means 70 circuit means connected to said screen grid for producing degeneration in said discharge tube for varying the following three entities simul ampliñer, means for coupling the deflection yoke taneously ñrst the value of bias potential ap. plied to said supplementary electrode by said Winding with said amplifier output terminals to applying means, second the degree of degenera form an output _load for the ampliiier, means for »tion produced by said degeneration means and 75 controlling the loss in said load, said loss con-4 2,579,627 13 trolling means and said degeneration controlling being adapted to Work in synchronísm with one another. 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