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Justin Austenfeld and Kayla Zimmerman August 3, 2012 Summer Bridge 2012, Appalachian State University What is matter? • Baryonic matter • anything that we can see • 17% of all the matter in the universe • less than 5% of everything in the entire universe http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star/pr2012001f/large_w eb/npp/all/ What is the rest? Where is it? What is dark matter? • Dark matter • • • • • discovered in 1933 by Fritz Zwicky http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/ emits no light 2011/03/01/good-ideas-bad-ideas-mondand/ cannot see it directly 83% of all of the matter in the universe 20% of our universe Well, how do we know it exists? Proof of dark matter http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys240/lectures/grav_lens/grav_lens.html • Gravitational lensing • a lot of mass = a lot of gravity • a lot of gravity = bending of light Proof of dark matter (cont.) • Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope • Gamma rays are produced by colliding dark matter particles • Fermi was launched four years ago to detect collisions • Not enough data to prove anything yet http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Dark matter in recent news • A filament found between two galaxy clusters • 58 million light-years in length, 3 million thick • 40,000+ galaxies behind the area were observed http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/07/a-new-way-tomap-the-universe.html Dark energy • Discovered in 1998 • Universe is expanding, and expansion is accelerating • Theories to explain dark energy: 1. Complex property of space itself 2. The universe has its own form of energy 3. New form of dynamic force 4. Einstein’s theory of a “cosmological constant” is flawed http://metanerds.blogspot.com/2012/02/darkenergy-may-not-exist-in-space.html Acknowledgements • Dr. Burris • Dr. Tashakkori • Dr. Schwab • Dr. Kurtz • Matthew SeGall • The Summer Bridge Program • Appalachian State University • The National Science Foundation …And viewers like you. THANK YOU! Cited Sources FRS110. “History of Dark Matter.” http://blogs.princeton.edu/frs110/s2005/darkmatter/2_history_of_dark_matter (accessed 7/22/2012) Giancoli, D. C. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2009. FRS110. “Dark Energy.” http://blogs.princeton.edu/frs110/s2005/darkenergy/ (accessed 7/22/2012) NASA. “SIM PlanetQuest to Predict Date of Cosmic Collision.” http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/Collision_Feature.html (accessed 7/22/2012) NASA. “What Is Dark Matter?” http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/912/features/what-is-dark-matter.html (accessed 7/22/2012) NASA. “Dark Energy, Dark Matter.” http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focusareas/what-is-dark-energy/ (accessed 7/26/2012) Los Angeles Times. “Dark matter filament found, scientists say.” http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/04/science/la-sci-dark-matter-filament20120705 (accessed 7/26/2012) Discovery Channel Online. “10 Things you didn't know about dark energy.” http://dsc.discovery.com/space/top-10/dark-energy/index-03.html . (accessed 7/26/12)